{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:42:05Z","timestamp":1792755725326,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":229,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2705700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2705700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Innovative Talents Foundation from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University","award":["JCRCYG-2022-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCRCYG-2022-009"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72474005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72474005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Do social determinants of health (SDoH) influence the age at menopause among women?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our study, adverse SDoH, particularly family low income-to-poverty ratio (PIR), low education level, and the marital status of being widowed, are associated with earlier age at menopause.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some prior studies have considered certain SDoH variables (such as educational attainment and marital status) as potential factors influencing age at menopause, but systematic evidence clearly defining the relationship between multidimensional SDoH and menopausal age remains lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional analysis included 6083 naturally menopausal women from 10 cycles (1999\u20132018) of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and excluded cases of surgical menopause.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The participants were derived from a nationally representative sample of the NHANES 1999\u20132018 in the USA. Eight SDoH variables were assessed: employment, PIR, food security, education, healthcare access, health insurance, housing stability, and marital status. Age at menopause was determined by self-reported last menstrual period among women with natural menopause. This study constructed weighted multivariate linear regression models and weighted quantile sum (WQS) analyses and calculated regression coefficients (\u03b2) and their 95% CIs. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were used to verify the robustness of our findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After adjusting for relevant confounding factors, adverse PIR, education level, and marital status (such as being widowed) were significantly associated with earlier age at menopause. Specifically, compared to women with a PIR \u2265500%, women with a PIR between 100% and 300% or PIR \u2264100% had an earlier age at menopause by 0.877\u2009years (95% CI: \u22121.526, \u22120.229, P\u2009=\u20090.008) and 1.296\u2009years (95% CI: \u22122.105, \u22120.487, P\u2009=\u20090.002), respectively. Additionally, compared to women with an educational level of college or above, women with a high school education or less than a high school education had earlier age at menopause by 1.262\u2009years (High school: 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22121.914, \u22120.609, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and 1.403\u2009years (Less than high school: 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22122.062, \u22120.743, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), respectively. Compared to women who were married or living with a partner, widowed women had earlier age at menopause by 1.363\u2009years (95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22121.887, \u22120.839, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Analysis using a WQS regression model based on decile categorization demonstrated that each 1-unit increase in the composite exposure index of adverse SDoH factors was associated with 3.302\u2009years earlier age at menopause in women (95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22124.129, \u22122.476, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The PIR contributed most substantially to the inverse association between SDoH and age at menopause.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cross-sectional design limits causal inference. Unmeasured confounders (e.g. parity, previous hormone use, chemical exposures) and recall bias may persist despite sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings substantiate the implementation of integrated multidimensional interventions targeting economic stability, housing security, employment support, and healthcare access, which would likely yield substantially greater benefits than single-dimensional policy adjustments. Moreover, material deprivation factors may exert profoundly stronger effects on reproductive aging than previously thought.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2705700), the Interdisciplinary Innovative Talents Foundation from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (JCRCYG-2022-009), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72474005). All authors declare no competing interests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T11:52:19Z","timestamp":1755172339000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Association of social determinants of health and age at menopause: NHANES 1999\u20132018 observational study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7373-0815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2032-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tailang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9966-3642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongdong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University , Hefei,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China , Hefei,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1938-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5725-3584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2023.09.003","article-title":"Relationship between vitamin D levels and age of menopause and reproductive lifespan: analysis based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2018","volume":"289","author":"Alinia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0602","article-title":"Early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"Anagnostis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e422","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(23)00081-6","article-title":"Social determinants of health and premature death among adults in the USA from 1999 to 2018: a national cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Bundy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21354","article-title":"Social determinants of health and disparities in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"81","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870360","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.870360","article-title":"Age at menarche and menopause, reproductive lifespan, and risk of cardiovascular events among Chinese postmenopausal women: results from a large national representative cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000990","article-title":"Age at natural menopause and its associated factors in Canada: cross-sectional analyses from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","volume":"25","author":"Costanian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93210-y","article-title":"Effects of divorce and widowhood on subsequent health behaviours and outcomes in a sample of middle-aged and older Australian adults","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00735-5","article-title":"Social determinants of health in multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Dobson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665118002884","article-title":"Diet, menopause and the risk of ovarian, endometrial and breast cancer","volume":"78","author":"Dunneram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08426-7","article-title":"Addressing structural inequalities, structural racism, and social determinants of health: a vision for the future","volume":"39","author":"Egede","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2021.100058","article-title":"Biological mechanisms underlying widowhood\u2019s health consequences: does diet play a role?","volume":"7","author":"Fagundes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14049","article-title":"Identifying and addressing osteoporosis knowledge gaps in women with premature ovarian insufficiency and early menopause: a mixed-methods study","volume":"91","author":"Goh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116514","article-title":"Association of blood cadmium and lead levels with self-reported reproductive lifespan and pregnancy loss: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018","volume":"233","author":"Gonzalez-Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn046","article-title":"Predictors of the timing of natural menopause in the Multiethnic Cohort Study","volume":"167","author":"Henderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898608","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.898608","article-title":"Reproductive lifespan in association with risk of hypertension among Chinese postmenopausal women: results from a large representative nationwide population","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2020.1781081","article-title":"The influence of educational level in peri-menopause syndrome and quality of life among Chinese women","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez015","article-title":"Variations in reproductive events across life: a pooled analysis of data from 505 147 women across 10 countries","volume":"34","author":"InterLACE Study Team","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14445","article-title":"Pathogenesis of the crosstalk between reproductive function and stress in animals\u2014part 2: prolactin, thyroid, inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"58","author":"Jaillardon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.02.034","article-title":"Association of reproductive lifespan duration and chronic kidney disease in postmenopausal women","volume":"95","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-019-01680-3","article-title":"The association of time since spousal loss and depression in widowhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012312","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-012312","article-title":"Secular trends in premature and early menopause in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"8","author":"Leone","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2023.2173570","article-title":"Does the environment affect menopause? A review of the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on menopause","volume":"26","author":"Levine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.115894","article-title":"Cumulative inequality in social determinants of health in relation to depression symptom: an analysis of nationwide cross-sectional data from U.S. NHANES 2005-2018","volume":"336","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4243","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-19-3726","article-title":"Association between reproductive lifespan and lung function among postmenopausal women","volume":"12","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146519839683","article-title":"Depressive symptoms following later-life marital dissolution and subsequent repartnering","volume":"60","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19902-y","article-title":"Association between Healthy Eating Index-2015 total and component food scores with reproductive lifespan among postmenopausal women: a population-based study from NHANES 2005-2016","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131251","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1131251","article-title":"The risk of long-term cardiometabolic disease in women with premature or early menopause: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S228594","article-title":"Social determinants of health in menopause: an integrative review","volume":"11","author":"Namazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2014.08.004","article-title":"Reproductive life characteristics in females affected with Parkinson\u2019s disease and in healthy control subjects\u2014a comparative study on Polish population","volume":"48","author":"Nitkowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-016-0318-9","article-title":"Does inflammation mediate relationships between racial identity and onset of menopause among US adults?","volume":"4","author":"Nowakowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.198676","article-title":"Natural menopause among women below 50 years in India: a population-based study","volume":"144","author":"Pallikadavath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X22001040","article-title":"The partner in the plate: the association between changes in partnership status and protein consumption among older people in Europe","volume":"44","author":"Pasqualini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Soc"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B33","first-page":"e43569","article-title":"The impact of menopause on cardiovascular aging: a comprehensive review of androgen influences","volume":"15","author":"Raj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad085","article-title":"Systematic exclusion at study commencement masks earlier menopause for Black women in the Study of Women\u2019s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)","volume":"52","author":"Reeves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07100622","article-title":"Menstrual abnormalities and reproductive lifespan in females with CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Rytz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1017\/S002193202000019X","article-title":"Association between age at menarche and age at menopause among women of an indigenous population of North Bengal, India","volume":"53","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6566","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076566","article-title":"Cognitive decline in early and premature menopause","volume":"24","author":"Sochocka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/125885","article-title":"Reproductive problems and intensity of anxiety and depression in women treated for infertility","volume":"56","author":"Wdowiak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B39","first-page":"8584130","article-title":"Age at menopause and risk of developing endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"2019","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2023.0189","article-title":"Premature menopause and all-cause mortality and life span among women older than 40 years in the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study: propensity score matching analysis","volume":"32","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab377","article-title":"Joint genome-wide association analyses identified 49 novel loci for age at natural menopause","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234324","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1234324","article-title":"Review of mendelian randomization studies on age at natural menopause","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.10.009","article-title":"Ages at menarche and menopause, and mortality among postmenopausal women","volume":"130","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2025090822070843200_hoaf050-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e542","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(24)00116-8","article-title":"Associations of social determinants of health with life expectancy and future health risks among individuals with type 2 diabetes: two nationwide cohort studies in the UK and USA","volume":"5","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf050\/64078442\/hoaf050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article-pdf\/2025\/3\/hoaf050\/64078442\/hoaf050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article-pdf\/2025\/3\/hoaf050\/64078442\/hoaf050.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T02:07:20Z","timestamp":1757383640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf050\/8237417"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf050","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3529","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"hoaf050"}}