{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:44:43Z","timestamp":1784306683315,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":225,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>What is the effect of hCG on the epigenetic profile and the expression of other molecular factors in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs)?<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest that hCG treatment alters the molecular environment of decidualized ESCs, potentially influencing implantation and immune regulation through epigenetic modifications and changes in the levels of secreted proteins and micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Embryo implantation depends not only on the quality of the embryo but also on the receptivity of the endometrium, the specialized lining of the uterus that undergoes dynamic changes to support pregnancy. Effective communication between the maternal and fetal compartments, facilitated by molecular signals and cellular interactions, is essential for successful implantation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross-sectional study of patient-derived ESCs comparing untreated cells with cells treated with hCG and\/or decidualization induction. The number of samples depends on the method and varies from 2 to 8. Results were analyzed after 6-, 24-, 48-, and 72-h time-points.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ESCs were isolated from patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies. In the study, we analyzed changes in the epigenetic profile and other molecular factors of ESCs during decidualization and in in vitro response to the embryo-secreted factor, hCG. ESCs were induced for decidualization for 3\u2009days (medroxyprogesterone acetate+cAMP), or treated with hCG for 24\u2009h, or given combined treatment: 2\u2009days of decidualization followed by 24\u2009h of hCG. Furthermore, we compared decidualized ESCs with decidualized ESCs that were also treated with hCG. We examined various cellular properties, including morphology, metabolic activity, and cell viability of ESCs after induction of decidualization and hCG treatment. Additionally, we assessed changes in the expression of genes associated with decidualization, inflammatory response, apoptosis regulation, and epigenetic factors using RT-qPCR. The levels of histone modifications and the factors regulating these modifications were explored by performing western blot assays. Additionally, we performed a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to extract gene regions enriched with the epigenetic modification H3K27Ac. Finally, we analyzed the protein and miRNA level changes in ESC extracellular vesicles (ESC-EVs) after the indicated treatments, using mass spectrometry and small RNA sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study found that hCG treatment increased prolactin gene (PRL) expression (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), while the expression of IL6 and BAK1 was inhibited in ESCs (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). We also revealed that hCG affects epigenetic regulation, leading to changes in the expression of EED, HDAC1, and TET1\/2\/3 (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Specifically, hCG treatment resulted in increased levels of H3K27Ac in gene regions associated with decidualization, such as FOXO1 (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), and implantation genes like HOXA10 and HAND2 (P\u2009=\u20090.06). After decidualization, we observed increased protein levels in ESC-EVs that are associated with embryo implantation (P\u2009=\u20090.0038) and pregnancy (P\u2009=\u20090.0012). These included proteins such as FIBL-1, IGFBP-1\/7, MMP-2, STC-1\/2, and PAPP-A (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, hCG treatment in decidualized ESCs elevated the levels of proteins involved in immune system regulation, including PR-3 (P\u2009=\u20090.0131). Moreover, we revealed changes in miRNA levels within EVs secreted by ESCs following hCG treatment and decidualization, which are associated with embryo development in the uterus (P\u2009=\u20090.03). Notable miRNAs include hsa-miR-340-3p, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-766-5p, hsa-miR-3138, and hsa-miR-3180-5p (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>LARGE SCALE DATA<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study utilizes a comprehensive analysis to explore potential epigenetic and molecular targets essential for endometrial function. The research is based on in vitro experiments using ESCs derived from ex vivo samples. Future studies involving a broader range of cell types and larger sample sizes could help to further validate and expand upon these results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found that hCG enhances the decidualization process in a dose-dependent manner and affects implantation and immune regulation through epigenetic changes, as well as variations in the levels of secreted proteins and miRNAs. Our study suggests that the application of hCG in assisted reproduction technologies may offer potential benefits for patients. However, carefully considering the appropriate dosage is important to ensure optimal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T11:32:51Z","timestamp":1754998371000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluating endometrial response to human chorionic gonadotropin: alterations in epigenetic regulation and extracellular vesicle cargo of endometrial stromal cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5608-7358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deimant\u0117","family":"\u017dukauskait\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University , Vilnius,","place":["Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Girni\u016bt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University , Vilnius,","place":["Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1077-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u016bta","family":"Navakauskien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University , Vilnius,","place":["Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.06.011","article-title":"Intrauterine injection of HCG before embryo transfer: a parallel, double-blind randomized trial","volume":"43","author":"Abdallah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0240012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240012","article-title":"Proteins associated with neutrophil degranulation are upregulated in nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS-CoV-2 patients","volume":"15","author":"Akgun","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586479","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.586479","article-title":"Alteration of proteotranscriptomic landscape reveals the transcriptional regulatory circuits controlling key-signaling pathways and metabolic reprogramming during tumor evolution","volume":"8","author":"Andrieux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020425","article-title":"A proteome approach reveals differences between fertile women and patients with repeated implantation failure on endometrial level-does hCG render the endometrium of RIF patients?","volume":"20","author":"Bielfeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab028","article-title":"Stanniocalcin-1 in the female reproductive system and pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"Bishop","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64829","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064829","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals new insights into the modulation of endometrial stromal cell receptive phenotype by embryo-derived signals interleukin-1 and human chorionic gonadotropin: possible involvement in early embryo implantation","volume":"8","author":"Bourdiec","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2020.1870335","article-title":"MiR-3138 deteriorates the insulin resistance of HUVECs via KSR2\/AMPK\/GLUT4 signaling pathway","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad017","article-title":"The pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) story","volume":"44","author":"Conover","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031380","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin and early embryogenesis: review","volume":"23","author":"d\u2019Hauterive","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.114.173492","article-title":"What do you mean, \u201cepigenetic\u201d?","volume":"199","author":"Deans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-021-02042-w","article-title":"Oviduct as a sensor of embryo quality: deciphering the extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated embryo-maternal dialogue","volume":"99","author":"Dissanayake","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1237423","article-title":"Epigenetics: definition, mechanisms and clinical perspective","volume":"27","author":"Dupont","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det055","article-title":"Too much of a good thing? Experimental evidence suggests prolonged exposure to hCG is detrimental to endometrial receptivity","volume":"28","author":"Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078096","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1078096","article-title":"Endometrial small extracellular vesicles regulate human trophectodermal cell invasion by reprogramming the phosphoproteome landscape","volume":"10","author":"Fatmous","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-6-6","article-title":"Differential regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and -2 by insulin in the baboon (Papio anubis) endometrium","volume":"6","author":"Fleming","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.08.023","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in cytotrophoblastic cells and decreases tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -3 in decidualized endometrial stromal cells","volume":"90","author":"Fluhr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05346-y","article-title":"Endometrial expression of receptivity markers subject to ovulation induction agents","volume":"300","author":"Freis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17616","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417616","article-title":"Molecular determinants of uterine receptivity: comparison of successful implantation, recurrent miscarriage, and recurrent implantation failure","volume":"24","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100645","article-title":"The role of extracellular vesicles in endometrial receptivity and their potential in reproductive therapeutics and diagnosis","volume":"22","author":"Hart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2014-115","article-title":"Potential role of hCG in apoptosis of human luteinized granulosa cells","volume":"61","author":"Hirata","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02936-5","article-title":"Placental IGFBP1 levels during early pregnancy and the risk of insulin resistance and gestational diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Hivert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-4923-1","article-title":"Effect of intrauterine injection of human chorionic gonadotropin before fresh embryo transfer on IVF and ICSI outcomes: a meta-analysis","volume":"298","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11040376","article-title":"Mother and embryo cross-communication","volume":"11","author":"Idelevich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B24","first-page":"104091","article-title":"The effect of intrauterine hCG injection before embryo transfer on pregnancy rate in frozen embryo transfer cycles","volume":"79","author":"Jahanshahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.107","article-title":"The unique structural and functional features of CXCL12","volume":"15","author":"Janssens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-023-00485-8","article-title":"Ovulatory signal-triggered chromatin remodeling in ovarian granulosa cells by HDAC2 phosphorylation activation-mediated histone deacetylation","volume":"16","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370218782658","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin induces decidualization of ectopic human endometrium more effectively than forskolin in an in-vivo endometriosis model","volume":"243","author":"Koch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R25","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2009-10-3-r25","article-title":"Ultrafast and memory-efficient alignment of short DNA sequences to the human genome","volume":"10","author":"Langmead","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v025.i01","article-title":"FactoMineR: a package for multivariate analysis","volume":"25","author":"Le","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stat Soft"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05047-6","article-title":"Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin improves the live birth rates of patients with repeated implantation failure in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles by increasing the percentage of peripheral regulatory T cells","volume":"299","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R91","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00034.2013","article-title":"Roles of the circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in human pregnancy","volume":"306","author":"Lumbers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.31","article-title":"HDAC1 and HDAC2 in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos: specificity versus compensation","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061305","article-title":"The role of HCG in implantation: a mini-review of molecular and clinical evidence","volume":"18","author":"Makrigiannakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12495-9","article-title":"Expression and function of the luteinizing hormone choriogonadotropin receptor in human endometrial stromal cells","volume":"12","author":"Mann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3787","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti430","article-title":"Automated genome annotation and pathway identification using the KEGG orthology (KO) as a controlled vocabulary","volume":"21","author":"Mao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13360","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13360","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in embryo implantation and disorders of the endometrium","volume":"85","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4092","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21114092","article-title":"Endometrial decidualization: the primary driver of pregnancy health","volume":"21","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11030480","article-title":"Role of gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in healthy and complicated pregnancy and their future potential as preeclampsia biomarkers","volume":"11","author":"Nikolov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061973","article-title":"Physiologic events of embryo implantation and decidualization in human and non-human primates","volume":"21","author":"Ochoa-Bernal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12088","article-title":"Decidualization of the human endometrium","volume":"17","author":"Okada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-04110-y","article-title":"Plasma fibulin-1 levels during pregnancy and delivery: a longitudinal observational study","volume":"21","author":"Orvik","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2024.03.016","article-title":"Sperm fertilizing ability in vitro influences bovine blastocyst miRNA content","volume":"222","author":"Pasquariello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B44","first-page":"437","article-title":"MiR-663a inhibits radiation-induced epithelium-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting TGF-\u03b21","volume":"35","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-19-0559","article-title":"Human endometrial stromal cells inhibit the pro-angiogenic stimulus of hCG in vitro","volume":"160","author":"Riboldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1248-8","article-title":"Evidence for expression and functionality of FSH and LH\/hCG receptors in human endometrium","volume":"35","author":"Sacchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines7040083","article-title":"Increased progesterone on the day of administration of hCG in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation affects the expression of HOXA10 in primates\u2019 endometrial receptivity","volume":"7","author":"Sahar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12023","article-title":"Is human chorionic gonadotropin supplementation beneficial for frozen and thawed embryo transfer in estrogen\/progesterone replacement cycles? A randomized clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Shiotani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62593-9","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin modulates CXCL10 expression through histone methylation in human decidua","volume":"10","author":"Silasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16966","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68108-0","article-title":"Molecular changes in endometrium origin stromal cells during initiation of cardiomyogenic differentiation induced with decitabine, angiotensin II and TGF-\u03b21","volume":"14","author":"Skliut\u0117","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew080","article-title":"Intrauterine human chorionic gonadotropin infusion in oocyte donors promotes endometrial synchrony and induction of early decidual markers for stromal survival: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Strug","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa013","article-title":"Analysis of heart and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2 (HAND2)-progesterone interactions in peri-implantation endometrium\u2020","volume":"102","author":"Sucurovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01459-y","article-title":"Current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in endometrial receptivity","volume":"28","author":"Sui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gax015","article-title":"hCG activates Epac-Erk1\/2 signaling regulating progesterone receptor expression and function in human endometrial stromal cells","volume":"23","author":"Tapia-Pizarro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det136","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) modulation of TIMP1 secretion by human endometrial stromal cells facilitates extravillous trophoblast invasion in vitro","volume":"28","author":"Tapia-Pizarro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2693","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.2693","article-title":"Human endometrial stem cell isolation from endometrium and menstrual blood","volume":"8","author":"Tavakol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bio-Protocol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.jhrs_196_20","article-title":"Impact of intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin before intrauterine insemination in infertile women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Wadhwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22728","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202200849R","article-title":"CircAGK regulates high dihydrotestosterone-induced apoptosis in DPCs through the miR-3180-5p\/BAX axis","volume":"37","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-21-0501","article-title":"IGFBP7 enhances trophoblast invasion via IGF-1R\/c-Jun signaling in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"164","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03846-6","article-title":"miR-340-3p-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes inhibit ferroptosis through METTL3-mediated m6A modification of HMOX1 to promote recovery of injured rat uterus","volume":"15","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893744","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.893744","article-title":"Integrative analysis of circulating microRNAs and the placental transcriptome in recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8892930","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8892930","article-title":"In vitro study on the regulation of annexin IV and VEGF by hCG in the human endometrium","volume":"2020","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Res Int"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15224","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015224","article-title":"Integrated profiling of microRNAs and mRNAs: microRNAs located on Xq27.3 associate with clear cell renal cell carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaaa026","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin improves endometrial receptivity by increasing the expression of homeobox A10","volume":"26","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B82386542","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2023.106362","article-title":"Histone H4 hyperacetylation but not DNA methylation regulates the expression of decidualization-associated genes during induced human endometrial stromal cells decidualization","volume":"156","author":"\u017dukauskait\u0117","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025090400313744800_hoaf051-B61789406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2024.103990","article-title":"The outcome of tissue cryopreservation on the cellular, molecular and epigenetic characteristics of endometrial tissue and stromal cells","volume":"49","author":"\u017dukauskait\u0117","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf051\/64045872\/hoaf051.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article-pdf\/2025\/3\/hoaf051\/64045872\/hoaf051.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article-pdf\/2025\/3\/hoaf051\/64045872\/hoaf051.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T04:31:52Z","timestamp":1756960312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf051\/8234496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf051","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3529","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"hoaf051"}}