{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T15:25:40Z","timestamp":1763565940664,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":260,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish government\u2019s official funding agency"},{"name":"\u2018A way to make Europe\u2019\/\u2018Investing in your future\u2019","award":["PI21\/01447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/01447"]}]},{"name":"Diputaci\u00f3 de Tarragona","award":["2021\/11-No.Exp. 8004330008-2021-0022642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/11-No.Exp. 8004330008-2021-0022642"]}]},{"name":"Contrato Pre-doctoral de Formaci\u00f3n en Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud","award":["PFIS FI22\/00018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PFIS FI22\/00018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Is Life\u2019s Essential 8 (LE8) score associated with sperm quality parameters in healthy reproductive-aged men?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher LE8 score adherence is positively associated with total sperm count, sperm concentration, total motility, and progressive motility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors may affect sperm quality, but there is limited scientific evidence in men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional analysis in the context of the Led-Fertyl (Lifestyle and Environmental Determinants of Seminogram and Other Male Fertility-Related Parameters) study was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 223 young men aged 18\u201340\u2009years were recruited between February 2021 and December 2024 in Reus (Catalonia, Spain). The AHA-LE8 ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) score (ranging from 0 to 100) was calculated as the means of eight CVH metrics and was considered as exposure. This score is based on four health behaviors (healthy diet, adequate physical activity, avoidance of nicotine, and healthy sleep) and four health factors (healthy weight, and healthy levels of blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure). Conventional sperm quality parameters (count, concentration, vitality, total and progressive motility, and normal sperm morphology) were considered the main outcomes. Adherence to the LE8 score was categorized into tertiles using the lowest tertile as the reference (T1). All regression models were adjusted for several potential confounders: age (years), education (high school or less, college or higher education), monthly income (&amp;lt;2000 euros and \u22652000 euros), and sexual abstinence (days).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with those in the lowest tertile, men in the highest tertile of the LE8 score had higher sperm concentration (\u03b2\u2009=\u20091.11; 95% CI: 0.12, 2.09), total motility (\u03b2\u2009=\u20096.05; 95% CI: 0.44, 11.65), and progressive motility (\u03b2\u2009=\u20095.84; 95% CI: 0.19, 11.48). In the continuous analysis, each 10-point increase in the LE8 score was positively associated with total sperm count (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.88; 95% CI: 0.13, 1.63), sperm concentration (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.45; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.86), total (\u03b2\u2009=\u20092.91; 95% CI: 0.56, 5.26), and progressive motility (\u03b2\u2009=\u20093.00; 95% CI: 0.63, 5.36). Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of the LE8 score, those in the highest tertile were 68% less likely to have an abnormal seminogram, according to the World Health Organization (2010) thresholds (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.67).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Due to the cross-sectional design, a cause-effect relationship cannot be established. It is also not possible to generalize these results to other populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest a positive association between the LE8 score and total sperm count, sperm concentration, total motility, and progressive motility. In addition, a higher LE8 score is associated with lower odds of an abnormal seminogram in healthy men of reproductive age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Led-Fertyl study was supported by the Spanish government\u2019s official funding agency for biomedical research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through the Fondo de Investigacion para la Salud (FIS), the European Union ERDF\/ESF, \u2018A way to make Europe\u2019\/\u2018Investing in your future\u2019 [PI21\/01447], and the Diputaci\u00f3 de Tarragona (2021\/11-No.Exp. 8004330008-2021-0022642). J.S.-S. is a distinguished senior researcher supported by the ICREA Academia Program. E.D.-C. has received a Contrato Pre-doctoral de Formaci\u00f3n en Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud (PFIS FI22\/00018) of the Acci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica en Salud program (AES) from the ISCIII, Spanish Ministry of Health. All of the authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T11:26:45Z","timestamp":1757935605000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Life\u2019s Essential 8 score and its association with sperm quality parameters in reproductive-aged men: evidence from the Led-Fertyl cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1153-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Davila-Cordova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaci\u00f3, Nutrici\u00f3, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrici\u00f3 Humana , Reus,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV) , Reus,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5914-6862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Salas-Huetos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV) , Reus,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Ci\u00e8ncies M\u00e8diques B\u00e0siques, Alimentaci\u00f3, Nutrici\u00f3, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Unitat de Medicina Preventiva i Bioestad\u00edstica , Reus,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, MA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7164-3420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez de la Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaci\u00f3, Nutrici\u00f3, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrici\u00f3 Humana , Reus,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV) , Reus,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Ramos-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV) , Reus,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Ci\u00e8ncies M\u00e8diques B\u00e0siques, Alimentaci\u00f3, Nutrici\u00f3, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Unitat de Medicina Preventiva i Bioestad\u00edstica , Reus,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8595-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaci\u00f3, Nutrici\u00f3, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrici\u00f3 Humana , Reus,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV) , Reus,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Catalonia,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5630-1588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Canudas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona , Santa Coloma de Gramenet,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona, INSA-UB Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence , Santa Coloma de Gramenet,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2512-0872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Palau-Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ABS Reus V. 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