{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T16:44:03Z","timestamp":1775753043645,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent studies indicate a strong paternal influence on embryo development and progression of the embryo to the blastocyst stage. The aim of this study was to compare, during extended culture, the in-vitro development of embryos resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of ejaculated spermatozoa (group 1, n = 347), epididymal (group 2, n = 22) or testicular (group 3, n = 18) spermatozoa from obstructive azoospermic and testicular spermatozoa from non-obstructive azoospermic (group 4, n = 31) subjects. Fertilization and blastocyst formation rates were significantly lower in group 4 (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The incidence of expanded and hatching blastocysts was significantly lower in group 4 (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Overall in 93.2% ejaculate ICSI cycles, blastocysts were transferred on day 5. This was significantly higher than the 62% day 5 transfers in the non-obstructive azoospermic group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Implantation rate per embryo was significantly higher in the ejaculate ICSI group compared with the other groups (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Clinical pregnancy per transfer was similar between groups; however, significantly fewer multiple pregnancies were encountered in the non-obstructive azoospermic group (P &amp;lt; 0.01). In conclusion, the source of the spermatozoa, most likely to be indicative of the severity of spermatogenic disorder, affects the rate of blastocyst formation and blastocyst implantation. Spermatozoa from non-obstructive azoospermic subjects, when utilized for ICSI, result in embryos that progress to the blastocyst stage at a lower and slower rate and implant less efficiently.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.1.125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T18:50:44Z","timestamp":1027709444000},"page":"125-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Blastocyst transfer following intracytoplasmic injection of ejaculated, epididymal or testicular spermatozoa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Basak","family":"Balaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital of Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bulent","family":"Urman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital of Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aycan","family":"Isiklar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital of Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cengiz","family":"Alatas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital of Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramazan","family":"Mercan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital of Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Senai","family":"Aksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital of Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alp","family":"Nuhoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital of Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040911240586400_ASCH-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136204","volume":"10","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum. 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