{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:04:44Z","timestamp":1792073084803,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR\u03b3) acts as a ligand activated transcription factor and regulates processes, such as energy homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation. PPAR\u03b3 binds to DNA as a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor and it is activated by polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives, such as prostaglandins. In addition, the insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone, are potent and specific activators of PPAR\u03b3. PPAR\u03b3 is present along the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testis axis and in the testis, where low levels in Leydig cells and higher levels in Sertoli cells as well as in germ cells have been found. High amounts of PPAR\u03b3 were reported in the normal epididymis and in the prostate, but the receptor was almost undetectable in the seminal vesicles. Interestingly, in the human and in pig, PPAR\u03b3 protein is highly expressed in ejaculated spermatozoa, suggesting a possible role of PPAR\u03b3 signaling in the regulation of sperm biology. This implies that both natural and synthetic PPAR\u03b3 ligands may act directly on sperm improving its performance. Given the close link between energy balance and reproduction, activation of PPAR\u03b3 may have promising metabolic implications in male reproductive functions. In this review, we first describe PPAR\u03b3 expression in different compartments of the male reproductive axis. Subsequently, we discuss the role of PPAR\u03b3 in both physiological and several pathological conditions related to the male fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T03:19:50Z","timestamp":1593573590000},"page":"2072-2085","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression along the male genital system and its role in male fertility"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Santoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences (Department of Excellence, Italian Law 232\/2016), Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"De Amicis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences (Department of Excellence, Italian Law 232\/2016), Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saveria","family":"Aquila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences (Department of Excellence, Italian Law 232\/2016), Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bonofiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences (Department of Excellence, Italian Law 232\/2016), Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2008.10.001","article-title":"Review of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARalpha), beta (PPAR beta), and gamma (PPAR gamma) in rodent and human development","volume":"27","author":"Abbott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B2"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0770451","article-title":"Significance of intracellular calcium and cyclic adenosine 30,50-monophosphate in the mechanisms by which prostaglandins influence human sperm function","volume":"77","author":"Aitken","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0730139","article-title":"Analysis of the direct effects of prostaglandins on human sperm function","volume":"73","author":"Aitken","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mefs.2015.04.003","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b3 agonist pioglitazone improves semen quality and testicular histomorphometrics with partial reversal of hyperglycaemia in alloxan- induced diabetic rats","volume":"20","author":"Akinola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Middle East Fertil Soc J"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.11.12.15709","article-title":"Troglitazone suppresses c-Myc levels in human prostate cancer cells via a PPAR\u03b3-independent mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Akinyeke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.8.2607-2619.2002","article-title":"Conditional disruption of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 gene in mice results in lowered expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and apoE in macrophages and reduced cholesterol efflux","volume":"22","author":"Akiyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1079-1","article-title":"Hormonal control of Sertoli cell metabolism regulates spermatogenesis","volume":"70","author":"Alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20807","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)\u03b3 is expressed by human spermatozoa: its potential role on the sperm physiology","volume":"209","author":"Aquila","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1252","article-title":"Autocrine regulation of insulin secretion in human ejaculated spermatozoa","volume":"146","author":"Aquila","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4753","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2233","article-title":"Leptin secretion by human ejaculated spermatozoa","volume":"90","author":"Aquila","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-7-140","article-title":"Human male gamete endocrinology: 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) regulates different aspects of human sperm biology and metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Aquila","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem243","article-title":"Human sperm express a functional androgen receptor: effects on PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"22","author":"Aquila","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-015-1320-8","article-title":"Human sperm molecular anatomy: the enzyme 5\u03b1-reductase (SRD5A) is present in the sperm and may be involved in the varicocele-related infertility","volume":"144","author":"Aquila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22145","article-title":"Red wine consumption may affect sperm biology: the effects of different concentrations of the phytoestrogen myricetin on human male gamete function","volume":"80","author":"Aquila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031681","article-title":"Estrogen receptor (ER) \u03b1 and ER \u03b2 are both expressed in human ejaculated spermatozoa: evidence of their direct interaction with phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase\/Akt pathway","volume":"89","author":"Aquila","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.7.8633","article-title":"Human ejaculated spermatozoa contain active P450 aromatase","volume":"87","author":"Aquila","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5603\/FHC.a2015.0005","article-title":"Impaired expression of sex hormone receptors in male reproductive organs of diabetic rat in response to oral antidiabetic drugs folia","volume":"53","author":"Ayuob","year":"2015","journal-title":"Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000173413.31789.1a","article-title":"Conditional knockout of macrophage PPAR\u03b3 increases atherosclerosis in C57BL\/6 and low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice","volume":"25","author":"Babaev","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B20","first-page":"2308249","article-title":"Commonalities in the association between PPARG and vitamin D related with obesity and carcinogenesis","volume":"2016","author":"Bandera","year":"2016","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B21","first-page":"127","article-title":"Correlation of hyperinsulinemia with hyperandrogenemia in primary infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Banu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med J"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012610299","article-title":"Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b4 on placentation, adiposity, and colorectal cancer","volume":"99","author":"Barak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80209-9","article-title":"PPAR \u03b3 is required for placental, cardiac, and adipose tissue development","volume":"4","author":"Barak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460251","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/460251","article-title":"Modulation of steroidogenic pathway in rat granulosa cells with subclinical Cd exposure and insulin resistance: an impact on female fertility","volume":"2014","author":"Belani","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.031583","article-title":"Differential effects of phthalates on the testis and the liver","volume":"72","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345321","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)\u03b3 is highly expressed in normal human pituitary gland","volume":"28","author":"Bogazzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500863","article-title":"PPARgamma inhibits GH synthesis and secretion and increases apoptosis of pituitary GH-secreting adenomas","volume":"150","author":"Bogazzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0192","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activates p53 gene promoter binding to the nuclear factor-kappaB sequence in human MCF7 breast cancer cells","volume":"20","author":"Bonofiglio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081078","article-title":"Combined low doses of PPARgamma and RXR ligands trigger an intrinsic apoptotic pathway in human breast cancer cells","volume":"175","author":"Bonofiglio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.14.15917","article-title":"Bid as a potential target of apoptotic effects exerted by low doses of PPAR\u03b3 and RXR ligands in breast cancer cells","volume":"10","author":"Bonofiglio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6139","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-2453","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b1 binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element and negatively interferes with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 signaling in breast cancer cells","volume":"11","author":"Bonofiglio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-008-9944-1","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activates fas ligand gene promoter inducing apoptosis in human breast cancer cells","volume":"113","author":"Bonofiglio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-07-0272","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibits follicular and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells growth by upregulating p21Cip1\/WAF1 gene in a Sp1-dependent manner","volume":"15","author":"Bonofiglio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrine Related Cancer"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2004.07.003","article-title":"Lactate and energy metabolism in male germ cells","volume":"15","author":"Boussouar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.1.8536636","article-title":"Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-\u03b1, -\u03b2, and -\u03b3 in the adult rat","volume":"137","author":"Braissant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.001","article-title":"Rapid signalling pathway activation by androgens in epithelial and stromal cells","volume":"69","author":"Castoria","year":"2004","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.04.026","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro evidence that PPARg ligands are antagonists of leptin signaling in breast cancer","volume":"179","author":"Catalano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B38","first-page":"RE9","article-title":"Rapid actions of steroid receptors in cellular signaling pathways","volume":"138","author":"Cato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sci STKE"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-6-53","article-title":"PPAR-independent induction of growth arrest and apoptosis in prostate and bladder carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Chaffer","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)46406-X","article-title":"Human cervical mucus contains large amounts of prostaglandins","volume":"38","author":"Charbonnel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3258","article-title":"Blunted day-night changes in luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in girls with obesity: the potential role of hyperandrogenemia","volume":"99","author":"Collins","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.023","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 as a therapeutic target to rescue mitochondrial function in neurological disease","volume":"100","author":"Corona","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/409168","article-title":"PPARG: gene expression regulation and next-generation sequencing for unsolved issues","author":"Costa","year":"2010","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.22.2905","article-title":"Cellular survival: a play in three Akts","volume":"13","author":"Datta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2010.01111.x","article-title":"Conventional progesterone receptors (PR) B and PRA are expressed in human spermatozoa and may be involved in the pathophysiology of varicocoele: a role for progesterone in metabolism","volume":"34","author":"De Amicis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200190","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate affects survival and metabolism of human sperm","volume":"56","author":"De Amicis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00178.x","article-title":"Impaired sperm chromatin integrity in obese mice","volume":"2","author":"Duale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.012716","article-title":"Endogenous redox activity in mouse spermatozoa and its role in regulating the tyrosine phosphorylation events associated with sperm capacitation","volume":"69","author":"Ecroyd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B49","first-page":"420","volume-title":"Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction","author":"Feldman","year":"1987"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.017244","article-title":"Expression and functional role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-in ovarian folliculogenesis in the sheep","volume":"69","author":"Froment","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06667","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in reproductive tissues: from gametogenesis to parturition","volume":"189","author":"Froment","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0436","article-title":"FABP4 attenuates PPARg and adipogenesis and is inversely correlated with PPARg in adipose tissues","volume":"63","author":"Garin-Shkolnik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-017-2615-y","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 activation regulates lipid droplet formation and lactate production in rat Sertoli cells","volume":"369","author":"Gorga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B54","first-page":"3","article-title":"Regulation of steroidogenic function of mouse Leydig cells: G-coupled membrane estrogen receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor partnership","volume":"69","author":"Gorowska-Wojtowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.07.2777","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones and the risk of lung, prostate, and colon cancer in patients with diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Govindarajan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22703","article-title":"Human sperm physiology: estrogen receptor alpha (ER\u03b1) and estrogen receptor beta (ER\u03b2) influence sperm metabolism and may be involved in the pathophysiology of varicocele-associated male infertility","volume":"226","author":"Guido","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.367606","article-title":"Mammalian sperm translate nuclear-encoded proteins by mitochondrial-type ribosomes","volume":"20","author":"Gur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.29388","article-title":"Ameliorative effect of combined low dose of Pioglitazone and omega-3 on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in diabetic rats","volume":"121","author":"Hasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01747-8","article-title":"Expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors in human testicular cancer and growth inhibition by its agonists","volume":"60","author":"Hase","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200316575","article-title":"PPAR-gamma receptor ligands: novel therapy for pituitary adenomas","volume":"111","author":"Heaney","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1038\/nm784","article-title":"Functional PPAR-gamma receptor is a novel therapeutic target for ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas","volume":"8","author":"Heaney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467211205020241","article-title":"Healing the diabetic heart: modulation of cardiometabolic syndrome through peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs)","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.148","article-title":"Disruption of PPARsignaling results in mouse prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia involving active autophagy","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10770","article-title":"Approaches to understanding the importance and clinical implications of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) signaling in prostate cancer","volume":"91","author":"Jiang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2011.05.008","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3: a molecular link between systemic metabolic disease and benign prostate hyperplasia","volume":"82","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1987.tb00953.x","article-title":"Evidence for a role of cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin synthetase) and prostaglandins in the sperm acrosome reaction and fertilization","volume":"8","author":"Joyce","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm.1997.378.7.651","article-title":"PPAR\u03b1 structure-function relationships derived from species-speci\ufb01c differences in responsiveness to hypolipidemic agents","volume":"378","author":"Keller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-3-41","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and ovarian function\u2014implications for regulating steroidogenesis, differentiation, and tissue remodeling","volume":"3","author":"Komar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4831","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.11.8429","article-title":"Expression and localization of PPARs in the rat ovary during follicular development and the periovulatory period","volume":"142","author":"Komar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510587","article-title":"Thyrotropin-producing pituitary adenoma associated with Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"151","author":"Koriyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2004.07.012","article-title":"An overview on biological mechanisms of PPARs","volume":"51","author":"Kota","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-020-01488-y","article-title":"Towards understanding leydigioma: do G protein-coupled estrogen receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor regulate lipid metabolism and steroidogenesis in Leydig cell tumors?","author":"Kotula-Balak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1654","article-title":"Paternal contribution: new insights and future challenges","volume":"6","author":"Krawetz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.04.001","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 and the global map of adipogenesis and beyond","volume":"25","author":"Lefterova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2018.04.002","article-title":"Hypothalamic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma regulates ghrelin production and food intake","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2016.06.001","article-title":"Brown adipose tissue transplantation ameliorates male fertility impairment caused by diet-induced obesity","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.150253","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling in human sperm physiology","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.2.7584","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones regulate expression of cell cycle proteins in human prostate cancer cells via PPAR-dependent and PPAR-independent pathways","volume":"8","author":"Lyles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.04.001","article-title":"AKT\/PKB signaling: navigating the network","volume":"169","author":"Manning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.02.016","article-title":"Rosiglitazone stimulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression and directly affects in vitro steroidogenesis in porcine ovarian follicles","volume":"82","author":"Mardy\u0142a","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249849","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/249849","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 is a potent target for prevention and treatment in human prostate and testicular cancer","volume":"2008","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1292","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00310.2013","article-title":"Effects of hyperandrogenemia and increased adiposity on reproductive and metabolic parameters in young adult female monkeys","volume":"306","author":"McGee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.08.011","article-title":"Pioglitazone increases the glycolytic efficiency of human Sertoli cells with possible implications for spermatogenesis","volume":"79","author":"Meneses","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2005.02.006","article-title":"The controversy, potential and roles of spermatozoal RNA","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1570","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 agonist rosiglitazone reverses the adverse effects of diet-induced obesity on oocyte quality","volume":"149","author":"Minge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12352","article-title":"Human sperm liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) acts as a downstream target of the estrogen signaling pathway","volume":"227","author":"Montanaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.09.015","article-title":"The PPAR\u03b3 ligand ciglitazone regulates androgen receptor activation differently in androgen-dependent versus androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells","volume":"316","author":"Moss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3145-03.2004","article-title":"A novel antipyretic action of 15-deoxy-\u039412,14-prostaglandin J2 in the rat brain","volume":"24","author":"Mouihate","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B89","first-page":"10990","article-title":"Effects of ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 in human prostate cancer","volume":"97","author":"Mueller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2014-0074","article-title":"High fat diet-induced estrus cycle disruption: effects of Ficus asperifolia","volume":"12","author":"Ngadjui","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Complement Integr Med"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2005.01304.x","article-title":"Regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma in rat pituitary","volume":"17","author":"Nogueiras","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2007.01562.x","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in the human pituitary gland: expression and splicing pattern in adenomas versus normal pituitary","volume":"19","author":"Occhi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9456020","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9456020","article-title":"Crosstalk between the androgen receptor and PPAR gamma signaling pathways in the prostate","volume":"2017","author":"Olokpa","year":"2017","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711281105","article-title":"PPARalpha agonist fenofibrate suppresses tumor growth through direct and indirect angiogenesis inhibition","volume":"105","author":"Panigrahy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731728","article-title":"Chromatin-associated RNA content of heterochromatin and euchromatin","volume":"9","author":"Paul","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(89)80208-6","article-title":"Presence of RNA in the sperm nucleus","volume":"158","author":"Pessot","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6322","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203032","article-title":"Rapid signalling by androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells","volume":"18","author":"Peterziel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0073","article-title":"Effect of a low-starch\/low-dairy diet on fat oxidation in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Pohlmeier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.07.016","article-title":"CYP11A1 and CYP17 promoter polymorphisms associate with hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Pusalkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23158","article-title":"Differential ontogenetic exposure to obesogenic environment induces hyperproliferative status and nuclear receptors imbalance in the rat prostate at adulthood","volume":"76","author":"Pytlowanciv","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.03.012","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in diabetes and metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Rangwala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.77","article-title":"Metabolic regulation is important for spermatogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Rato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.10.006","article-title":"Activation of PPAR \u03b1 and PPAR \u03b2\/\u03b4 regulates Sertoli cell metabolism","volume":"382","author":"Regueira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2009.06.004","article-title":"PPAR-gamma protects cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress and apoptosis via Bcl-2 upregulation","volume":"51","author":"Ren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B105","first-page":"1","article-title":"The physiological roles of the boar ejaculate","volume":"66","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65109","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11371","article-title":"Ligand-activated PPAR\u03b3 downregulates CXCR4 gene expression through a novel identified PPAR response element and inhibits breast cancer progression","volume":"7","author":"Rovito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2015.08.004","article-title":"Omega-3 DHA- and EPA-dopamine conjugates induce PPAR\u03b3-dependent breast cancer cell death through autophagy and apoptosis","volume":"1850","author":"Rovito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24288","article-title":"Omega-3 PUFA ethanolamides DHEA and EPEA induce autophagy through PPAR\u03b3 activation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells","volume":"228","author":"Rovito","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080330311","article-title":"Biosynthesis of prostaglandins by human spermatozoa in vitro and their role in acrosome reaction and fertilization","volume":"33","author":"Roy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.079327","article-title":"Sperm metabolism in pigs: a role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR\u03b3","volume":"216","author":"Santoro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Bio"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.10058","article-title":"Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in human prostate cancer","volume":"51","author":"Segawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28003","article-title":"PPAR gamma and human metabolic disease","volume":"116","author":"Semple","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.088005","article-title":"PPARG regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling in LbetaT2 cells in vitro and pituitary gonadotroph function in vivo in mice","volume":"84","author":"Sharma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B114","first-page":"1e11","article-title":"Emerging roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the pituitary gland in female reproduction","volume":"5","author":"Shiue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomark Genom Med"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1968","article-title":"Activation of PPAR\u03b1 or \u03b3 reduces secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 9 but not interleukin 8 from human monocytic THP-1 cells","volume":"267","author":"Shu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2795(199804)49:4<400::AID-MRD7>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Human sperm glutathione reductase activity in situ reveals limitation in the glutathione antioxidant defense system due to supply of NADPH","volume":"49","author":"Storey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.072527ss","article-title":"Regulation of sperm storage and movement in the mammalian oviduct","volume":"52","author":"Suarez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16189","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111936200","article-title":"Evidence that arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase 2 is a negative cell cycle regulator in normal prostate epithelial cells","volume":"277","author":"Tang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0520147","article-title":"Prostaglandin concentrations in the semen of fertile men","volume":"52","author":"Templeton","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B120","year":"2020"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.2741\/e324","article-title":"Developmental patterns of PPAR and RXR gene expression during spermatogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Thomas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Elite Ed"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M200327-JLR200","article-title":"Fenofibrate, a ligand for PPAR\u03b1, inhibits aromatase cytochrome P450 expression in the ovary of mouse","volume":"44","author":"Toda","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0216392","article-title":"The role of cholesterol efflux in regulating the fertilization potential of mammalian spermatozoa","volume":"110","author":"Travis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2014.05.003","article-title":"Infertility and the presence of insulin resistance are associated with increased oxidative stress in young, non-obese Turkish women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Turan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.3.733","article-title":"A possible role for the pentose phosphate pathway of spermatozoa in gamete fusion in the mouse","volume":"60","author":"Urner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20222","article-title":"Involvement of the pentose phosphate pathway and redox regulation in fertilization in the mouse","volume":"70","author":"Urner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.02.014","article-title":"PPARs are a unique set of fatty acid regulated transcription factors controlling both lipid metabolism and inflammation","volume":"1812","author":"Varga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319250010","article-title":"The biology of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor system in the female reproductive tract","volume":"19","author":"V\u00e9lez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/8.11.977","article-title":"Localization of the 16S mitochondrial rRNA in the nucleus of mammalian spermatogenic cells","volume":"8","author":"Villegas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B130","first-page":"145","article-title":"Sperm distribution within the genital tract of naturally inseminated gilts","volume":"33","author":"Viring","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nord Vet Med"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.4.1129","article-title":"Capacitation of mouse spermatozoa. Correlation between the capacitation state and protein tyrosine phosphorylation","volume":"121","author":"Visconti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4612306","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4612306","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in female reproduction and fertility","volume":"2016","author":"Vitti","year":"2016","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B133","first-page":"391","article-title":"Troglitazone induced apoptosis via PPAR\u03b3 activated POX-induced ROS formation in HT29 cells","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27618","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27618","article-title":"Localization of PPAR isotypes in the adult mouse and human brain","volume":"6","author":"Warden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B135","first-page":"137","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of PPARgamma receptors in the human pituitary adenomas: correlation with PCNA","volume":"43","author":"Winczyk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/3.1.15","article-title":"Haploid transcripts persist in mature human spermatozoa","volume":"3","author":"Wykes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B137","first-page":"189","volume-title":"The Physiology of Reproduction","author":"Yanagimachi","year":"1994"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38117","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038117","article-title":"Systemic PPARgamma deletion impairs circadian rhythms of behavior and metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.11131\/2015\/101188","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: features, functions, and future","volume":"2","author":"Youssef","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucl Receptor Res"},{"key":"2020101222245847100_deaa153-B140","first-page":"11","article-title":"Lead acetate induces apoptosis in Leydig cells by activating PPAR\u03b3\/caspase- 3\/PARP pathway","volume":"1","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/35\/9\/2072\/33867170\/deaa153.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/35\/9\/2072\/33867170\/deaa153.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T12:37:20Z","timestamp":1667219840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/35\/9\/2072\/5885042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deaa153","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]}}}