{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:21:48Z","timestamp":1791390108838,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"The Netherlands organization for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["837001504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["837001504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n Does hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) lead to similar pregnancy outcomes, compared with hysterosalpingography (HSG), as first-choice tubal patency test in infertile couples?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n HyFoSy and HSG produce similar findings in a majority of patients and clinical management based on the results of either HyFoSy or HSG, leads to comparable pregnancy outcomes. HyFoSy is experienced as significantly less painful.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n Traditionally, tubal patency testing during fertility work-up is performed by HSG. HyFoSy is an alternative imaging technique lacking ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast medium exposure which is less expensive than HSG. Globally, there is a shift towards the use of office-based diagnostic methods, such as HyFoSy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n This multicentre, prospective, comparative study with a randomized design was conducted in 26 hospitals in The Netherlands. Participating women underwent both HyFoSy and HSG in randomized order. In case of discordant results, women were randomly allocated to either a management strategy based on HyFoSy or one based on HSG.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n We included infertile women between 18 and 41 years old who were scheduled for tubal patency testing during their fertility work-up. Women with anovulatory cycles not responding to ovulation induction, endometriosis, severe male infertility or a known iodine contrast allergy were excluded. The primary outcome for the comparison of the HyFoSy- and HSG-based strategies was ongoing pregnancy leading to live birth within 12 months after inclusion in an intention-to-treat analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n Between May 2015 and January 2019, 1026 women underwent HyFoSy and HSG. HyFoSy was inconclusive in 97 of them (9.5%), HSG was inconclusive in 30 (2.9%) and both were inconclusive in 9 (0.9%). In 747 women (73%) conclusive tests results were concordant. Of the 143\/1026 (14%) with discordant results, 105 were randomized to clinical management based on the results of either HyFoSy or HSG. In this group, 22 of the 54 women (41%) allocated to management based on HyFoSy and 25 of 51 women (49%) allocated to management based on HSG had an ongoing pregnancy leading to live birth (Difference \u22128%; 95% CI: \u221227% to 10%). In total, clinical management based on the results of HyFoSy was estimated to lead to a live birth in 474 of 1026 women (46%) versus 486 of 1026 (47%) for management based on HSG (Difference \u22121.2%; 95% CI: \u22123.4% to 1.5%). Given the pre-defined margin of \u22122%, statistically significant non-inferiority of HyFoSy relative to HSG could not be demonstrated (P = 0.27). The mean pain score for HyFoSy on the 1\u201310 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was 3.1 (SD 2.2) and the mean VAS pain score for HSG was 5.4 (SD 2.5; P for difference &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n Since all women underwent both tubal patency tests, no conclusions on a direct therapeutic effect of tubal flushing could be drawn.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n HyFoSy or HSG produce similar tubal pathology findings in a majority of infertile couples and, where they differ, a difference in findings does not lead to substantial difference in pregnancy outcome, while HyFoSy is associated with significantly less pain.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n The FOAM study was an investigator-initiated study funded by ZonMw, The Netherlands organization for Health Research and Development (project number 837001504). ZonMw funded the whole project. IQ Medical Ventures provided the ExEm-foam\u00ae kits free of charge. The funders had no role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of the data. K.D. reports travel and speaker fees from Guerbet. F.J.M.B. reports personal fees as a member of the external advisory board for Merck Serono, The Netherlands, and a research support grant from Merck Serono, outside the submitted work. C.B.L. reports speakers\u2019 fee from Ferring in the past, and his department receives research grants from Ferring, Merck and Guerbet. J.S. reports a research agreement with Takeda on MR of motility outside the submitted work. M.V.W. reports leading The Netherlands Satellite of the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group. B.W.J.M. is supported by an NHMRC Investigator grant (GNT1176437). B.W.J.M. reports consultancy for Guerbet and research funding from Merck and Guerbet. V.M. reports non-financial support from IQ medicals ventures, during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Guerbet, outside the submitted work. The other authors do not report conflicts of interest.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n NTR4746\/NL4587 (https:\/\/www.trialregister.nl)<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE<\/jats:title>\n 19 August 2014<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n DATE OF FIRST PATIENT\u2019S ENROLMENT<\/jats:title>\n 7 May 2015<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T20:11:22Z","timestamp":1644523882000},"page":"969-979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Can hysterosalpingo-foam sonography replace hysterosalpingography as first-choice tubal patency test? A randomized non-inferiority trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8369-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nienke","family":"van Welie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2413-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joukje","family":"van Rijswijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Dreyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Machiel H A","family":"van Hooff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Franciscus Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Peter","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold R","family":"Verhoeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG Oost, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Femke","family":"Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilhelmina M","family":"van Baal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Flevo Hospital, Almere, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maaike A F","family":"Traas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gelre Hospitals, Location Apeldoorn, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arno M","family":"van Peperstraten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivierenland Hospital, Tiel, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arentje P","family":"Manger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Gianotten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia H","family":"de Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aafke M H","family":"Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neriman","family":"Bayram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zaans Medical Centre, Zaandam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P","family":"van der Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Martini Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca P J M","family":"Vrouenraets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Kalafusova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Refaja Hospital, Stadskanaal, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bob I G","family":"van de Laar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG West, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Kaijser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ikazia Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjon F","family":"Lambeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IJsselland Hospital, Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter J","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gelre Hospitals, Location Zutphen, Zutphen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J M","family":"Broekmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Valkenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy F","family":"van der Voet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"van Disseldorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke J","family":"Lambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dijklander Hospital, Hoorn, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Tros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3947-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelis B","family":"Lambalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaap","family":"Stoker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madelon","family":"van Wely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4427-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick M M","family":"Bossuyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben Willem J","family":"Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Aberdeen Centre for Women\u2019s Health Research, King\u2019s College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velja","family":"Mijatovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e377","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003271","article-title":"Infertility Workup for the Women\u2019s Health Specialist: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 781","volume":"133","author":"ACOG","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B2","volume-title":"AHRQ Methods for Effective Health Care Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews","author":"AHRQ","year":"2008"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03246-3","article-title":"Randomised comparisons of medical tests: sometimes invalid, not always efficient","volume":"356","author":"Bossuyt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2515-z","article-title":"Pain relief during hysterosalpingography: role of intracervical block","volume":"287","author":"Chauhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57650-X","article-title":"The prognosis for live birth among untreated infertile couples","volume":"64","author":"Collins","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(99)00127-8","article-title":"Can hysterosalpingocontrast-sonography replace hysterosalpingography in the assessment of tubal subfertility?","volume":"35","author":"Dijkman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.05.042","article-title":"Hysterosalpingo-foam sonography, a less painful procedure for tubal patency testing during fertility workup compared with (serial) hysterosalpingography: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"102","author":"Dreyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612337","article-title":"Oil-Based or water-based contrast for hysterosalpingography in infertile women","volume":"376","author":"Dreyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa243","article-title":"Standardizing definitions and reporting guidelines for the infertility core outcome set: an international consensus development study","volume":"35","author":"Duffy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der367","article-title":"First experiences with hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) for office tubal patency testing","volume":"27","author":"Emanuel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7442","article-title":"Automated sonographic tubal patency evaluation with three-dimensional coded contrast imaging (CCI) during hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy)","volume":"34","author":"Exacoustos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11200","article-title":"Automated three-dimensional coded contrast imaging hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography: feasibility in office tubal patency testing","volume":"41","author":"Exacoustos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2015.08.836","article-title":"Can tubal flushing with hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) media increase women\u2019s chances of pregnancy?","volume":"22","author":"Exacoustos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.03.021","article-title":"Oil-based versus water-based contrast for hysterosalpingography in infertile women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"110","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0058-8","article-title":"Female subfertility","volume":"5","author":"Farquhar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11110155","article-title":"A framework for assessing the value of diagnostic imaging in the era of comparative effectiveness research","volume":"261","author":"Gazelle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.7.1233","article-title":"First experience using 4-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography with SonoVue for assessing fallopian tube patency","volume":"32","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57726-7","article-title":"Transvaginal salpingosonography for the assessment of tubal patency in infertile women: methodological and clinical experiences","volume":"64","author":"Heikkinen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6510.1693","article-title":"Population study of causes, treatment, and outcome of infertility","volume":"291","author":"Hull","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh821","article-title":"Prospective validation of two models predicting pregnancy leading to live birth among untreated subfertile couples","volume":"20","author":"Hunault","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11539.x","article-title":"Complications of laparoscopy: a prospective multicentre observational study","volume":"104","author":"Jansen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1746","article-title":"Two-dimensional HyCoSy with contrast tuned imaging technology and a second-generation contrast media for the assessment of tubal patency in an infertility program","volume":"92","author":"Lanzani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.10.008","article-title":"A comparison of hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) and hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography with saline medium (HyCoSy) in the assessment of tubal patency","volume":"195","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5655","article-title":"Efficiency of study designs in diagnostic randomized clinical trials","volume":"32","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2014.05.017","article-title":"Contrast ultrasonography for tubal patency","volume":"21","author":"Luciano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20372","article-title":"Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis following hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy)","volume":"54","author":"Ludwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex013","article-title":"Accuracy of hysterosalpingo-foam sonography in comparison to hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography with air\/saline and to laparoscopy with dye","volume":"32","author":"Ludwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu024","article-title":"Hysterosalpingosonography for diagnosing tubal occlusion in subfertile women: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Maheux-Lacroix","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.5.1237","article-title":"Comparison of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy in predicting fertility outcome","volume":"14","author":"Mol","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B31","author":"NICE","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B32","author":"NVOG","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22412","article-title":"Sonohysterosalpingography: comparison of foam and saline solution","volume":"45","author":"Piccioni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)49820-1","article-title":"Comparison of real-time ultrasonography, hysterosalpingography, and laparoscopy\/hysteroscopy in the evaluation of uterine abnormalities and tubal patency","volume":"46","author":"Randolph","year":"1986","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.11.3049","article-title":"Hysterosalpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy) with SH U 454 (Echovist) for the assessment of tubal patency","volume":"13","author":"Reis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.03.014","article-title":"Safety of oil-based contrast medium for hysterosalpingography: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Roest","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.02.054","article-title":"Current methods of tubal patency assessment","volume":"95","author":"Saunders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.032","article-title":"GRADE Guidelines: 16. GRADE evidence to decision frameworks for tests in clinical practice and public health","volume":"76","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.7.1582","article-title":"The spontaneous pregnancy prognosis in untreated subfertile couples: the Walcheren primary care study","volume":"12","author":"Snick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15457","article-title":"The effect of unilateral tubal block diagnosed by hysterosalpingogram on clinical pregnancy rate in intrauterine insemination cycles: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12716","article-title":"Hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy): tolerability, safety and the occurrence of pregnancy post-procedure","volume":"58","author":"Tanaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0556-6","article-title":"The FOAM study: is Hysterosalpingo foam sonography (HyFoSy) a cost-effective alternative for hysterosalpingography (HSG) in assessing tubal patency in subfertile women? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"van Rijswijk","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14646","article-title":"Pain during Fallopian-tube patency testing by hysterosalpingo-foam sonography","volume":"45","author":"Van Schoubroeck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15100","article-title":"OC24.01: Spontaneous conception after hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy)","volume":"46","author":"Van Schoubroeck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq263","article-title":"The capacity of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy to predict natural conception","volume":"26","author":"Verhoeve","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20238","article-title":"Effectiveness on fertility outcome of tubal flushing with different contrast media: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B47","first-page":"Cd003718","article-title":"Tubal flushing for subfertility","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20151013","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20151013","article-title":"Three- or four-dimensional hysterosalpingo contrast sonography for diagnosing tubal patency in infertile females: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2022050519301455000_deac034-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11085","article-title":"Value of three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography with SonoVue in the assessment of tubal patency","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/humrep\/deac034\/42622694\/deac034.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/37\/5\/969\/43541380\/deac034.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/37\/5\/969\/43541380\/deac034.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T20:24:00Z","timestamp":1651782240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/37\/5\/969\/6537992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deac034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]}}}