{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:05:17Z","timestamp":1784541917246,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2BEP3-191798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2BEP3-191798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>Are children conceived by ART or born to subfertile parents more susceptible to upper or lower respiratory tract infections (URTI, LRTI)?<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>ART-conceived children had a higher frequency of and risk of hospitalization for respiratory infections up to age 3, which was only partly explained by parental subfertility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>Some studies report increased risks of infections in children conceived by ART. Results for URTIs and LRTIs are inconclusive, and the contribution of underlying parental subfertility remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>We included 84 102 singletons of the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) born between 1999 and 2009. Mothers reported time-to-pregnancy at recruitment and child history of, frequency of and hospitalization for, respiratory infections when the child was 6, 18 and 36\u2009months old by questionnaires. Subfertility was defined as having taken 12 or more months to conceive. The Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) provided information on ART. URTI included throat and ear infections, while LRTI included bronchitis, bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>We used log-binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% CI of any respiratory tract infection and hospitalization, and negative-binomial regression to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% CI for number of infections. We compared children conceived by ART, and naturally conceived children of subfertile parents, to children of fertile parents (&lt;12\u2009months to conceive) while adjusting for maternal age, education, BMI and smoking during pregnancy and previous livebirths. We accounted for dependency between children born to the same mother.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>A total of 7334 (8.7%) singletons were naturally conceived by subfertile parents and 1901 (2.3%) were conceived by ART. Between age 0 and 36\u2009months, 41 609 (49.5%) of children experienced any URTI, 15 542 (18.5%) any LRTI and 4134 (4.9%) were hospitalized due to LRTI. Up to age 3, children conceived by ART had higher frequencies of URTI (adjusted IRR (aIRR) 1.16; 95% CI 1.05\u20131.28) and hospitalizations due to LRTI (adjusted RR (aRR) 1.25; 95% CI 1.02\u20131.53), which was not seen for children of subfertile parents. Children conceived by ART were not at higher risks of respiratory infections up to age 18\u2009months; only at age 19\u201336\u2009months, they had increased risk of any LRTI (aRR 1.16; 95% CI 1.01\u20131.33), increased frequency of LRTIs (IRR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02\u20131.47) and a higher risk of hospitalization for LRTI (aRR 1.35; 95% CI 1.01\u20131.80). They also had an increased frequency of URTIs (aIRR; 1.19; 95% CI 1.07\u20131.33). Children of subfertile parents only had a higher risk of LRTIs (aRR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01\u20131.17) at age 19\u201336\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>Self-reported time-to-pregnancy and respiratory tract infections by parents could lead to misclassification. Both the initial participation rate and loss to follow up in the MoBa limits generalizability to the general Norwegian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>ART-conceived children might be more susceptible to respiratory tract infections in early childhood. This appears to be only partly explained by underlying parental subfertility. Exactly what aspects related to the ART procedure might be reflected in these associations need to be further investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>Funding was received from the Swiss National Science Foundation (P2BEP3_191798), the Research Council of Norway (no. 262700), and the European Research Council (no. 947684). All authors declare no conflict of interest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>N\/A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T17:04:28Z","timestamp":1658855068000},"page":"2113-2125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Early childhood respiratory tract infections according to parental subfertility and conception by assisted reproductive technologies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1483-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V R","family":"Mitter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"University Women\u2019s Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2199-5225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S E","family":"H\u00e5berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0568-3774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M C","family":"Magnus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2020.103117","article-title":"Altered TH1, TH2, TH17 balance in assisted reproductive technology conceived mice","volume":"139","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494819859737","article-title":"The Norwegian Patient Registry and the Norwegian Registry for Primary Health Care: research potential of two nationwide health-care registries","volume":"48","author":"Bakken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.03.039","article-title":"International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART): world report on assisted reproductive technologies, 2013","volume":"116","author":"Banker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01809.x","article-title":"The origins of the developmental origins theory","volume":"261","author":"Barker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206590","article-title":"Lung consequences in adults born prematurely","volume":"70","author":"Bolton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh592","article-title":"A multi-centre cohort study of the physical health of 5-year-old children conceived after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in vitro fertilization and natural conception","volume":"20","author":"Bonduelle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1675779","article-title":"Developmental origins of health and disease: the history of the barker hypothesis and assisted reproductive technology","volume":"36","author":"Carpinello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des398","article-title":"Asthma in children born after infertility treatment: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study","volume":"28","author":"Carson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.2.167","article-title":"Validity of maternal report of acute health care use for children younger than 3 years","volume":"159","author":"D\u2019Souza-Vazirani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.07.004","article-title":"Early life microbiota and respiratory tract infections","volume":"28","author":"de Steenhuijsen Piters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05593-4","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies conceived by fresh or frozen embryo transfer compared to spontaneous conceptions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"302","author":"Elias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01088.x","article-title":"Maternal and child outcome after in vitro fertilization\u2014a review of 25 years of population-based data from Sweden","volume":"90","author":"Finnstrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B13","author":"Folkehelseinstituttet","year":"2022"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der031","article-title":"Parental investment in couples who conceived spontaneously or with assisted reproductive techniques","volume":"26","author":"Gameiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa055","article-title":"The demographics of assisted reproductive technology births in a Nordic country","volume":"35","author":"Goisis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29540-w","article-title":"DNA methylation in newborns conceived by assisted reproductive technology","volume":"13","author":"H\u00e5berg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010001771","article-title":"Prevalence of breast-feeding in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and health service-related correlates of cessation of full breast-feeding","volume":"13","author":"H\u00e4ggkvist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.03.001","article-title":"Health of adults aged 22 to 35 years conceived by assisted reproductive technology","volume":"112","author":"Halliday","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.01.006","article-title":"Comparing indicators of health and development of singleton young adults conceived with and without assisted reproductive technology","volume":"101","author":"Halliday","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn030","article-title":"Psychological and social aspects of pregnancy, childbirth and early parenting after assisted conception: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Hammarberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.10.034","article-title":"Maternal fecundity and asthma among offspring\u2014is the risk programmed preconceptionally? Retrospective observational study","volume":"99","author":"Harju","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi022","article-title":"Assisted reproduction: the epigenetic perspective","volume":"11","author":"Horsthemke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20174069","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-4069","article-title":"Health of infants after ART-treated, subfertile, and fertile deliveries","volume":"142","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.1998.11720780","article-title":"The Medical Birth Registry of Norway; a source for epidemiological and clinical research","volume":"107","author":"Irgens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2000.079006435.x","article-title":"The Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Epidemiological research and surveillance throughout 30 years","volume":"79","author":"Irgens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq003","article-title":"Trends in delivery and neonatal outcome after in vitro fertilization in Sweden: data for 25 years","volume":"25","author":"K\u00e4ll\u00e9n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.03.035","article-title":"In vitro fertilization in Sweden: child morbidity including cancer risk","volume":"84","author":"K\u00e4ll\u00e9n","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2017.03.005","article-title":"Altered helper T cell-mediated immune responses in male mice conceived through in vitro fertilization","volume":"69","author":"Karimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.12.095","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology and somatic morbidity in childhood: a systematic review","volume":"103","author":"Kettner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-020-00500-7","article-title":"Bidirectional association between asthma and otitis media in children","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0735","article-title":"Health of children born as a result of in vitro fertilization","volume":"118","author":"Klemetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.04.049","article-title":"Perinatal outcome, health, growth, and medical care utilization of 5- to 8-year-old intracytoplasmic sperm injection singletons","volume":"89","author":"Knoester","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg445","article-title":"Growth, psychomotor development and morbidity up to 3 years of age in children born after IVF","volume":"18","author":"Koivurova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.08.005","article-title":"The reliability of self-reported childhood otitis media by adults","volume":"70","author":"Kvestad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794466","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1794466","article-title":"Alternations of gut microbiota composition in neonates conceived by assisted reproductive technology and its relation to infant growth","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.11.037","article-title":"Physical health at 5.5 years of age of term-born singletons after intracytoplasmic sperm injection: results of a prospective, controlled, single-blinded study","volume":"91","author":"Ludwig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-012-0308-x","article-title":"Otitis media in infancy and the development of asthma and atopic disease","volume":"12","author":"MacIntyre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211886","article-title":"Maternal history of miscarriages and measures of fertility in relation to childhood asthma","volume":"74","author":"Magnus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw029","article-title":"Cohort profile update: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)","volume":"45","author":"Magnus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl170","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)","volume":"35","author":"Magnus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2019.1646572","article-title":"Epigenetic changes and assisted reproductive technologies","volume":"15","author":"Mani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp465","article-title":"Dual effects of superovulation: loss of maternal and paternal imprinted methylation in a dose-dependent manner","volume":"19","author":"Market-Velker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001356","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001356","article-title":"National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys","volume":"9","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des347","article-title":"Infertility and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Messerlian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000174585.08884.59","article-title":"The myth of the precious baby","volume":"106","author":"Minkoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E38","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.3.e38","article-title":"Early respiratory infections and childhood asthma","volume":"106","author":"Nafstad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2009.01062.x","article-title":"Self-selection and bias in a large prospective pregnancy cohort in Norway","volume":"23","author":"Nilsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B49","first-page":"413","article-title":"Early microbial-immune interactions and innate immune training of the respiratory system during health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Nino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-03103-2","article-title":"Maternal advanced age, single parenthood, and ART increase the risk of child morbidity up to five years of age","volume":"22","author":"Pettersson","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg257","article-title":"Morbidity in a Danish national cohort of 472 IVF\/ICSI twins, 1132 non-IVF\/ICSI twins and 634 IVF\/ICSI singletons: health-related and social implications for the children and their families","volume":"18","author":"Pinborg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms044","article-title":"Why do singletons conceived after assisted reproduction technology have adverse perinatal outcome? Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Pinborg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab008","article-title":"Association between the mode of delivery and infant gut microbiota composition up to 6 months of age: a systematic literature review considering the role of breastfeeding","volume":"80","author":"Princisval","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.09.007","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology and the risk of pregnancy-related complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes in singleton pregnancies: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"105","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12245","article-title":"Maternal recall error in retrospectively reported time-to-pregnancy: an assessment and bias analysis","volume":"29","author":"Radin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-016-0498-0","article-title":"The mode of delivery affects the diversity and colonization pattern of the gut microbiota during the first year of infants' life: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Rutayisire","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B14","author":"Statistikkbank.","year":"2022"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E181","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080612","article-title":"Asthma: epidemiology, etiology and risk factors","volume":"181","author":"Subbarao","year":"2009","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5118","DOI":"10.4081\/pr.2014.5118","article-title":"Health and development of children born after assisted reproductive technology and sub-fertility compared to naturally conceived children: data from a national study","volume":"6","author":"Sutcliffe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Rep"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-03975-7","article-title":"Association between childhood asthma and history of assisted reproduction techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"Tsabouri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102395","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02395-2021","article-title":"Early-life respiratory tract infections and the risk of school-age lower lung function and asthma: a meta-analysis of 150\u200a000 European children","author":"van Meel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"hoy012","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoy012","article-title":"Peripartum and postpartum outcomes in uncomplicated term pregnancy following ART: a retrospective cohort study from two Italian obstetric units","volume":"2018","author":"Vannuccini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12821","article-title":"Lost to follow-up in the Norwegian mother, father and child cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Vejrup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-160","article-title":"Validity of information on atopic disease and other illness in young children reported by parents in a prospective birth cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Vissing","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.1325","article-title":"Fertility treatments and offspring pediatric infectious morbidities: results of a population-based cohort with a median follow-up of 10 years","volume":"112","author":"Wainstock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B65","first-page":"225","article-title":"Effects of conception using assisted reproductive technologies on infant health and development: an evolutionary perspective and analysis using UK millennium cohort data","volume":"91","author":"Waynforth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab031","article-title":"Asthma and allergies in offspring conceived by ART: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Wijs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00858-2","article-title":"The altered immunological status of children conceived by assisted reproductive technology","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022090106004604700_deac162-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex234","article-title":"The international glossary on infertility and fertility care, 2017","volume":"32","author":"Zegers-Hochschild","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/37\/9\/2113\/45537283\/deac162.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/37\/9\/2113\/45537283\/deac162.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T00:12:45Z","timestamp":1700871165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/37\/9\/2113\/6650177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deac162","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]}}}