{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T19:53:26Z","timestamp":1778097206126,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001801","name":"University of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n Does mental health and behaviour differ between those conceived with and those conceived without ART?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n Our study observed less externalizing behaviour (delinquent\/aggressive), and more parent-reported internalizing behaviour, as well as more (clinical) depression at age 14\u2009years, in adolescents conceived after ART compared to their non-ART counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n Health outcomes of ART-conceived offspring may differ from those conceived without ART, and previous studies have reported differences in behaviour and mental health, particularly in childhood.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n The Growing Up Healthy Study (GUHS) is a prospective cohort study, investigating the long-term health of offspring conceived after ART (aged 14, 17 and 20\u2009years), in the two operational fertility clinics in Western Australia 1991\u20132001 (n\u2009=\u2009303). Their long-term health outcomes were compared to those of offspring conceived without ART from the Raine Study Generation 2 (Gen2) born 1989\u20131991 (n\u2009=\u20092868). Both cohorts are representative of the local adolescent population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Mental health parameters and behaviour were assessed at ages 14 and 17\u2009years, through the parent completed \u2018Child Behaviour Checklist\u2019 (CBCL; ART versus non-ART: age 14\u2009years: N\u2009=\u2009150 versus N\u2009=\u20091781, age 17\u2009years: N\u2009=\u2009160 versus N\u2009=\u20091351), and the adolescent completed equivalent \u2018Youth Self-Report\u2019 (YSR; age 14\u2009years: by N\u2009=\u2009151 versus N\u2009=\u20091557, age 17\u2009years: N\u2009=\u2009161 and N\u2009=\u20091232). Both tools generate a T-score (standardized for age and sex) for internalizing (withdrawn, somatic complaints, anxious\/depressed), externalizing (delinquent\/aggressive behaviour) and total behaviour. Adolescents also completed the \u2018Beck Depression Inventory for Youth\u2019 (BDI-Y; age 14\u2009years: N\u2009=\u2009151 versus N\u2009=\u20091563, age 17\u2009years: N\u2009=\u2009161 versus N\u2009=\u20091219). Higher scores indicate poorer mental health and behaviour on all the above tools. Parent-reported doctor-diagnosed conditions (anxiety, behavioural problems, attention problems and depression) were also univariately compared between the cohorts. In addition, univariate comparisons were conducted between the GUHS adolescents and Gen2 adolescents born to subfertile parents (time to pregnancy &gt;12\u2009months), as well as between offspring born to subfertile versus fertile parents within the Gen2 cohort. A subgroup analysis excluding offspring born preterm (&lt;37 weeks\u2019 gestation) or at low birthweight (&lt;2500 g) was also performed. Generalized estimating equations that account for correlated familial data were adjusted for the following covariates: non-singleton, primiparity, primary caregiver smoking, family financial problems, socio-economic status and both maternal and paternal ages at conception.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n At both 14 and 17\u2009years of age, ART versus non-ART-conceived adolescents reported lower mean T-scores for externalizing problems (age 14\u2009years: 49 versus 51, P\u2009=\u20090.045, age 17\u2009years: 49 versus 52, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). A similar effect was reported by parents, although not significant (age 14\u2009years: P\u2009=\u20090.293, age 17\u2009years: P\u2009=\u20090.148). Fewer ART-conceived adolescents reported a T-score above the clinical cut-off for externalizing behaviour (\u226560; age 14\u2009years: 7.3% versus 16.3%, P\u2009=\u20090.003, age 17\u2009years: 8.1% versus 19.7%, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). At both ages, no differences in internalizing behaviour were reported by adolescents (age 14\u2009years: P\u2009=\u20090.218, age 17\u2009years: P\u2009=\u20090.717); however, higher mean scores were reported by parents of the ART-conceived adolescents than by parents of the non-ART conceived adolescents (age 14\u2009years: 51 versus 48, P\u2009=\u20090.027, age 17\u2009years: 50 versus 46, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No differences in internalizing behaviour above the clinical cut-off (T-score \u2265 60) were observed. At age 17\u2009years, parents who conceived through ART reported higher total behaviour scores than those parents who conceived without ART (48 versus 45, P\u2009=\u20090.002). At age 14\u2009years, ART versus non-ART-conceived adolescents reported significantly higher mean scores on the BDI-Y (9 versus 6, P\u2009=\u20090.005); a higher percentage of adolescents with a score indicating clinical depression (\u226517; 12.6% versus 8.5%, aOR 2.37 (1.18\u20134.77), P\u2009=\u20090.016), as well as more moderate\/severe depression (\u226521; 9.3% versus 4.0%, P\u2009=\u20090.009). At age 17\u2009years, no differences were reported on the BDI-Y. There was also a higher percentage of parent-reported doctor-diagnosed anxiety in the ART cohort (age 14\u2009years: 8.6% versus 3.5%, P\u2009=\u20090.002, at age 17\u2009years: 12.0% versus 4.5%, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Removing adolescents born preterm or at low birthweight did not alter the above results. Comparing outcomes between GUHS adolescents and Gen2 adolescents born to subfertile parents, as well as between those born to subfertile versus fertile parents within Gen2, did not alter results for CBCL and YSR outcomes. Those born to subfertile parents showed higher rates of clinical depression than those born to fertile parents at age 14\u2009years (13.7% versus 6.9%, P\u2009=\u20090.035).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n The main limitation of the study is the time difference between the GUHS and Gen2 assessments. Even though we have adjusted for covariates, additional socio-economic and lifestyle factors affecting behaviour and mental well-being could have changed. We were unable to differentiate between different types of ART (e.g. IVF versus ICSI), owing to the low number of ICSI cycles at the time of study. Fertility sub-analyses need to be replicated in larger cohorts to increase power, potentially using siblingship designs. Lastly, selection bias may be present.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n The reported lower prevalence of externalizing behaviour (delinquent\/aggressive), and higher prevalence of internalizing behaviour, as well as more (clinical) depression at age 14\u2009years, in ART versus non-ART-conceived adolescents, is in line with some previous studies, mostly conducted in childhood. It is reassuring that differences in the rates of depression were not observed at age 17\u2009years, however, these findings require replication. As the use of ART is common, and mental health disorders are increasing, knowledge about a potential association is important for parents and healthcare providers alike.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n This project was funded by an NHMRC Grant (Hart et al., ID 1042269). R.J.H. is the Medical Director of Fertility Specialists of Western Australia and a shareholder in Western IVF. He has received educational sponsorship from MSD, Merck-Serono and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. P.B. is the Scientific Director of Concept Fertility Centre, Subiaco, Western Australia. J.L.Y. is the Medical Director of PIVET Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T19:39:48Z","timestamp":1664307588000},"page":"2831-2844","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Mental health and behavioural problems in adolescents conceived after ART"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1486-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L A","family":"Wijs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia , Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D A","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia , Perth, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Women and Infants Research Foundation , Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Keelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia , Perth, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Women and Infants Research Foundation , Perth, WA, Australia"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia , Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University , Perth, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Concept Fertility Centre , Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9583-3683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J L","family":"Yovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, WA, Australia"},{"name":"PIVET Medical Centre , Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia , Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6610-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R J","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia , Perth, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Fertility Specialists of Western Australia , Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4-18 and 1991 Profile","author":"Achenbach","year":"1991"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B2","volume-title":"Australia\u2019s Youth: Mental Illness","author":"AIHW","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11112","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental delay in small babies at term: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Arcangeli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B4","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100355","article-title":"The psychosocial health of children born after medically assisted reproduction: evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study","volume":"7","author":"Barbuscia","year":"2019","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh239","article-title":"The influence of assisted reproduction on family functioning and children's socio-emotional development: results from a European study","volume":"19","author":"Barnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f3978","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f3978","article-title":"Fertility treatment and risk of childhood and adolescent mental disorders: register based cohort study","volume":"347","author":"Bay","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B8","volume-title":"Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment Manual","author":"Beck","year":"2001"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz001","article-title":"The health of children conceived by ART: \u2018the chicken or the egg?\u2019'","volume":"25","author":"Berntsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.12.023","article-title":"A cross-sectional evaluation of the first cohort of young adults conceived by in vitro fertilization in the United States","volume":"94","author":"Beydoun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.6.728","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm: a meta-analysis","volume":"288","author":"Bhutta","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019542","article-title":"Intelligence and behaviour in children born after in-vitro fertilization treatment","volume":"11","author":"Cederblad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.4.1116","article-title":"Parenting and psychosocial development of IVF children: a follow-up study","volume":"17","author":"Colpin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008095","article-title":"Reproductive technologies and the risk of birth defects","volume":"366","author":"Davies","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.12.119","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes associated with assisted reproductive technology: the Massachusetts Outcomes Study of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (MOSART)","volume":"103","author":"Declercq","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B16","first-page":"CD010537","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology: an overview of Cochrane reviews","volume":"8","author":"Farquhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.12.001","article-title":"Towards the global coverage of a unified registry of IVF outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Fauser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30312-X","article-title":"Origins of lifetime health around the time of conception: causes and consequences","volume":"391","author":"Fleming","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.3.830","article-title":"The European study of assisted reproduction families: the transition to adolescence","volume":"17","author":"Golombok","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B20","author":"Goodsell","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt006","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology and birth defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt002","article-title":"The longer-term health outcomes for children born as a result of IVF treatment. Part II\u2014mental health and development outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Hart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez202","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioural outcome of children born after IVF at age 9 years","volume":"34","author":"Heineman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.76.2.F75","article-title":"Differential effects of preterm birth and small gestational age on cognitive and motor development","volume":"76","author":"Hutton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Childhood"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2008.507","article-title":"Cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, and developmental delay in children born after assisted conception","volume":"163","author":"Hvidtjorn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.07.004","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic risks of assisted reproduction","volume":"44","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2010.12.004","article-title":"Is there an increased risk for drug treated attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children born after in vitro fertilization?","volume":"15","author":"Kallen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.03.035","article-title":"In vitro fertilization in Sweden: child morbidity including cancer risk","volume":"84","author":"Kallen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem261","article-title":"Matched follow-up study of 5 8-year-old ICSI singletons: child behaviour, parenting stress and child (health-related) quality of life","volume":"22","author":"Knoester","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04022.x","article-title":"Significance of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors in the development of AGA preterm infants at five to seven years","volume":"31","author":"Largo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des430","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders in IVF children: a national case-control study in Finland","volume":"28","author":"Lehti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2703_8","article-title":"Medical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes in school-age children conceived by in-vitro fertilization","volume":"27","author":"Levy-Shiff","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Child Psychol"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108","article-title":"Three inferential questions, two types of P-value. Supplemental material to The ASA statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose","volume":"70","author":"Lew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.02.009","article-title":"Post-neonatal health and development of children born after assisted reproduction: a systematic review of controlled studies","volume":"127","author":"Ludwig","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.03.012","article-title":"Pregnancy and birth outcomes in couples with infertility with and without assisted reproductive technology: with an emphasis on US population-based studies","volume":"217","author":"Luke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B36","author":"Newman","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb15332.x","article-title":"Doppler flow velocity waveform analysis in high risk pregnancies: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Newnham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms018","article-title":"Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF\/ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Pandey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2513","article-title":"Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence?","volume":"9","author":"Paus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms044","article-title":"Why do singletons conceived after assisted reproduction technology have adverse perinatal outcome? Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Pinborg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3707-0","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology and risk of congenital malformations: a meta-analysis based on cohort studies","volume":"292","author":"Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-022-09623-6","article-title":"The well-being of adolescents conceived through medically assisted reproduction: a population-level and within-family analysis","author":"Remes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Popul"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/bjdp.12270","article-title":"Comparing adolescent and parent reports of externalizing problems: a longitudinal population-based study","volume":"37","author":"Robinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02596.x","article-title":"Low-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure and risk to child behavioural development: a prospective cohort study","volume":"117","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey034","article-title":"Developmental plasticity and its relevance to assisted human reproduction","volume":"33","author":"Roseboom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010806","article-title":"Low and very low birth weight in infants conceived with use of assisted reproductive technology","volume":"346","author":"Schieve","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cein.2006.08.002","article-title":"A review of psychosocial and family functioning following assisted reproductive treatment","volume":"9","author":"Segev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Effect Nurs"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B48","first-page":"1384","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study-Generation 2","volume":"46","author":"Straker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev172","article-title":"Mental disorders in childhood and young adulthood among children born to women with fertility problems","volume":"30","author":"Svahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.06.004","article-title":"Temperament and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in healthy adults","volume":"31","author":"Tyrka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.01.125","article-title":"Are imprinting disorders more prevalent after human in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection?","volume":"99","author":"Vermeiden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.09.026","article-title":"Behavior and socioemotional functioning in 9-18-year-old children born after in vitro fertilization","volume":"92","author":"Wagenaar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den455","article-title":"Information processing, attention and visual-motor function of adolescents born after in vitro fertilization compared with spontaneous conception","volume":"24","author":"Wagenaar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108","article-title":"The ASA statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose","volume":"70","author":"Wasserstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1391-8","article-title":"The Raine study had no evidence of significant perinatal selection bias after two decades of follow up: a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study","volume":"17","author":"White","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der041","article-title":"Looking downstream: a review of the literature on physical and psychosocial health outcomes in adolescents and young adults who were conceived by ART","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2022120105532457600_deac214-B57","author":"Zubrick","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/37\/12\/2831\/47257380\/deac214.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/37\/12\/2831\/47257380\/deac214.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T05:54:17Z","timestamp":1669874057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/37\/12\/2831\/6724352"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deac214","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]}}}