{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:14:04Z","timestamp":1790810044725,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Clinical Projects of the Peking University Third Hospital","award":["BYSYZD2021014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYSYZD2021014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Does treatment selection for cervical lesions affect the outcome of IVF\/ICSI?<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no difference in pregnancy outcome between treated and untreated groups, or between different types of IVF\/ICSI treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-induced cervical lesions are associated with decreased fertility, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) treatment may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 2018 and 2020, 190 women with infertility who had abnormal HPV screening or cytology results prior to IVF\/ICSI, and were diagnosed with CIN2\/CIN3 by colposcopy biopsy at a tertiary hospital, were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study with follow-up until 31 December 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with infertility who were diagnosed with CIN2\/CIN3 by colposcopy biopsy were divided into the treatment and expectant management groups. The treatment group was divided into two intervention subgroups: the ablative therapy group and the surgical treatment group. The baseline data, number of oocytes retrieved, and rates of fertilization, high-quality embryos, positive serum HCG, clinical pregnancy, abortion, live birth, and cumulative pregnancy were compared among groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 190 patients included in the study, 152 were diagnosed with CIN2, and 38 patients had CIN3. There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the treatment and expectant groups. The time from confirmed lesions to the onset of gonadotrophin administration in the surgical treatment group was significantly longer than in the ablative therapy group and the expectant group (P\u2009=\u20090.007 and P\u2009=\u20090.024, respectively). For the treatment and expectant groups, respectively, the average number of oocytes retrieved (12.95\u2009\u00b1\u20098.77; 13.32\u2009\u00b1\u20099.16), fertilization rate (71.01\u2009\u00b1\u200923.86; 64.84\u2009\u00b1\u200926.24), and high-quality embryo rate (48.93\u2009\u00b1\u200930.72; 55.17\u2009\u00b1\u200934.13) did not differ, and no differences were detected between the different treatment subgroups. There were no differences among groups in rates of HCG positivity, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, live birth, or cumulative pregnancy. The live birth rate in the surgical treatment group was slightly higher than that in the expectant groups (77.78% versus 66.67%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The 3-year cumulative pregnancy rates in the surgical treatment and expectant groups were 58.19% and 64.00%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective study, which by nature can include selection bias, and the number of cases in the expectant group was &amp;lt;30, which may result in a false-negative result owing to the small sample size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title><jats:p>For patients with CIN2\/CIN3, the treatment of cervical lesions does not affect the outcome of IVF\/ICSI. Patients with CIN2 can enroll for IVF\/ICSI cycles, with close follow-up to prevent the progression of cervical lesions, in order to avoid further delay in starting ART. For patients with CIN3, ovulation induction and embryo cryopreservation can be initiated as soon as possible after cervical lesions are treated, and frozen\u2013thawed embryo transfer can be carried out 9\u201312\u2009months later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title><jats:p>This work was funded by the Key Clinical Projects of the Peking University Third Hospital (to Y.W., BYSYZD2021014). The authors declare no conflicts of interest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T10:53:09Z","timestamp":1700477589000},"page":"ii14-ii23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and treatment on IVF\/ICSI outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Wanyi","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0305-5579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0153274","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153274","article-title":"Cervical microbiome and cytokine profile at various stages of cervical cancer: a pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Audirac-Chalifour","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1554928","article-title":"Inflammation and human ovarian follicular dynamics","volume":"33","author":"Boots","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700792","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.700792","article-title":"The impact of 9-valent HPV vaccination on couple infertility prevention: a comprehensive review","volume":"8","author":"Ciavattini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.5441","article-title":"Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in pregnancy: interference of pregnancy status with p16 and Ki-67 protein expression","volume":"13","author":"Ciavattini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000435454.31850.79","article-title":"Interval from loop electrosurgical excision procedure to pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"122","author":"Conner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09842-6","article-title":"Characterization of cervico-vaginal microbiota in women developing persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection","volume":"7","author":"Di Paola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.12891\/ceog3028.2016","article-title":"Effect of cervical conization on pregnancy outcome of in-vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14354","article-title":"\u201cI feel reassured, but there is no guarantee.\u201d How do women with a future childbearing desire respond to active surveillance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2? A qualitative study","volume":"101","author":"Hansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000253239.87040.23","article-title":"Preterm delivery after surgical treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"109","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den271","article-title":"Treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and subsequent IVF deliveries","volume":"23","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03042.x","article-title":"Pregnancy incidence and outcome among patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"119","author":"Kalliala","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2013.04.050","article-title":"Is vaccination with quadrivalent HPV vaccine after loop electrosurgical excision procedure effective in preventing recurrence in patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2\u20133)?","volume":"130","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B13","first-page":"43","article-title":"Observation of the incidence of cervical lesions in infertility women","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin Mod Med"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000604","article-title":"The natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grades 1, 2, and 3: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Loopik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0874-7","article-title":"Prevention of cervical cancer in HIV-seropositive women from developing countries through cervical cancer screening: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Mapanga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.11.047","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures: impact on reproductive outcomes","volume":"95","author":"Perino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.10.019","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and its association with infertility, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"224","author":"Ravel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.16.2114","article-title":"The 2001 Bethesda System: terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology","volume":"287","author":"Solomon","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0126936","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126936","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection and fertility alteration: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Souho","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k499","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k499","article-title":"Clinical course of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 under active surveillance: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"360","author":"Tainio","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det096","article-title":"Risks associated with bacterial vaginosis in infertility patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"van Oostrum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B22","first-page":"122","article-title":"Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III follow-up after treatment with CKC and HT","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pract Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B23","first-page":"286","article-title":"Expert consensus on issues related to cervical cancer screening and management of abnormalities in China (II)","volume":"18","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B24","volume-title":"Female Genital Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours","author":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B25","volume-title":"WHO Guideline for Screening and Treatment of Cervical Pre-Cancer Lesions for Cervical Cancer Prevention"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761219","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.761219","article-title":"Early cervical lesions affecting ovarian reserve and reproductive outcomes of females in assisted reproductive cycles","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20121625","article-title":"Does human papillomavirus infection do harm to in-vitro fertilization outcomes and subsequent pregnancy outcomes?","volume":"126","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/13645706.2016.1236731","article-title":"Four categories of LEEP for CIN of various areas: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa106","article-title":"Has human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination prevented adverse pregnancy outcomes? Population-level analysis after 8 years of a National HPV Vaccination Program in Australia","volume":"222","author":"Yuill","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23389-0","article-title":"Cervical microbiome is altered in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after loop electrosurgical excision procedure in China","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10864","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010864","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papilloma virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"97","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23411","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023411","article-title":"Evaluation of cervical length and optimal timing for pregnancy after cervical conization in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a retrospective study","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2023112010530411500_dead009-B33","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Study of relationship between HPV multiple infection and occurrence and development of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions","volume":"34","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pract J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/38\/Supplement_2\/ii14\/53482072\/dead009.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/38\/Supplement_2\/ii14\/53482072\/dead009.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T05:34:41Z","timestamp":1728797681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/38\/Supplement_2\/ii14\/7425377"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dead009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}}}