{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:22:55Z","timestamp":1782861775835,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boston IVF"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n What is the impact of day after rescue ICSI (r-ICSI) on success of fresh and frozen embryo transfers?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n The use of r-ICSI can virtually allay fears of total fertilization failure (TFF) after conventional IVF (C-IVF) and achieve high live birth rates after frozen blastocyst transfer.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n More infertility clinics have resorted to the use of ICSI in place of C-IVF in IVF treatment owing to fear of TFF or a low fertilization rate. r-ICSI has been attempted either on the day of IVF or the day after. Day after r-ICSI has proved unsuccessful in the past.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective data analysis was performed of 16\u2009608 qualifying cases between April 2010 and July 2021 conducted at a single private academically affiliated fertility clinic.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n r-ICSI was performed principally on patients with &gt;4 metaphase II oocytes, showing no signs of fertilization 18\u2009h after C-IVF. C-IVF was performed on patients who had &gt;4 million total motile sperm after preparation. r-ICSI was then performed 18\u201324\u2009h after insemination, using the sperm sample from the previous day. r-ICSI fertilization rates, cryopreservation of cleavage and blastocysts embryos, and pregnancy rates after fresh or frozen transfer were then assessed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n r-ICSI was performed on 377 patients (2.3% of eligible retrieval cycles) who had a mean (\u00b1SD) female and male age of 35.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5 and 38.1\u2009\u00b1\u20099.1\u2009years, respectively. A total of 5459 oocytes were initially retrieved. Of the oocytes undergoing r-ICSI, 2389 (49.5%) fertilized normally, and 205 (54.4%) patients underwent a fresh embryo transfer. The live birth rates were 23\/186 (12.3%) for fresh cleavage and 5\/19 (26.3%) for fresh blastocyst stage transfers. In 145 cycles a blastocyst was frozen, and 137 transfers were performed with a 64\/137 (46.7%) live birth rate. Of the 377 cycles receiving r-ICSI only, 25 of the qualifying cases failed to have any fertilization, reducing TFF to 25\/16\u2009608 (0.15%).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n This was a single-center retrospective study on a specific subset of patients, which may limit its generalizability to other clinics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n r-ICSI allows a second opportunity to fertilize oocytes despite poor initial outcomes. Patients who had a frozen blastocyst transfer achieved high live birth rates, indicating that a resynchronization of the embryo with the endometrium can optimize r-ICSI cases. r-ICSI allays fears of TFF when using C-IVF, providing evidence that the overuse of ICSI in patients without male factor may not be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n The study was internally funded by Boston IVF. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest in relation to the data published in the article.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T05:07:40Z","timestamp":1684559260000},"page":"1277-1283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Day after rescue ICSI: eliminating total fertilization failure after conventional IVF with high live birth rates following cryopreserved blastocyst transfer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Batha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston IVF\u2014Eugin Group , Waltham, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2599-5361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goli","family":"Ardestani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston IVF\u2014Eugin Group , Waltham, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olcay","family":"Ocali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston IVF\u2014Eugin Group , Waltham, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pam","family":"Jarmuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston IVF\u2014Eugin Group , Waltham, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis A","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston IVF\u2014Eugin Group , Waltham, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C Brent","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston IVF\u2014Eugin Group , Waltham, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9509-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denny","family":"Sakkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston IVF\u2014Eugin Group , Waltham, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023070507334897700_dead097-B1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection after total conventional in-vitro fertilization failure","volume":"26","author":"Amarin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"2023070507334897700_dead097-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.12.004","article-title":"Rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a systematic review","volume":"101","author":"Beck-Fruchter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2023070507334897700_dead097-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05179-5","article-title":"Conventional in-vitro fertilisation versus intracytoplasmic sperm injection for the treatment of non-male-factor infertility: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"357","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023070507334897700_dead097-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-01836-0","article-title":"Always ICSI? 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