{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:53:05Z","timestamp":1792439585363,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GCS Ramsay Sant\u00e9 pour l\u2019Enseignement et la Recherche"},{"name":"Centre de Biologie M\u00e9dicale BIOGROUP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n Is there a cumulative toxicity of disposables used in IVF procedures?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n A toxicity may be detected when consumables are used cumulatively, while no toxicity is detected when the same consumables are used and tested individually.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n Many components of items used in IVF laboratories may impair human embryonic development. Consequently, it is necessary to screen all reagents and materials which could be in contact with gametes and embryos. Toxicity tests, such as the mouse embryo assay and the human sperm motility assay (HSMA), are used by manufacturers as quality control tools to demonstrate the safety of their products. This evaluation is currently individually performed for each single consumable. However, during an IVF cycle, several devices are used sequentially, potentially creating a cumulative exposure to chemical contaminants, which could not be detected for individually tested consumables.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n The objective of this observational study conducted from March 2021 to October 2022 was to evaluate with the HSMA methodology if there was a cumulative toxicity when several disposables are sequentially used. Fourteen categories of consumables currently used in routine IVF procedures were studied, which included devices used for sperm and oocyte collection (cups, condoms, and oocyte aspiration needles), manipulation (flasks, tubes, tips, pipettes, embryo transfer catheters, syringes, and gloves), culture (dishes), and storage (straws).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n After obtaining patient consent, the surplus semen assessed as having normal parameters according to the World Health Organization 2010 criteria were used to perform the HSMAs. First, each consumable was tested individually. Then, associations of three, four, and five consumables, previously validated as non-toxic when tested individually, were analyzed. HSMAs were conducted three times to ensure reproducibility, with a defined toxicity threshold of a sperm motility index (SMI) below 0.85 in at least two of three tests.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n Thirty-six references of disposables were first individually tested across 53 lots. Forty-nine (92%) demonstrated compliance. However, four (8%) devices revealed toxicity: one lot of 1\u2009ml syringes, two lots of sperm cups, and one lot of 25 cm2 flasks. These four references were excluded from the IVF routine procedures. A total of 48 combinations of consumables were assessed, involving 41 lots from 32 references that were previously individually tested. Among the evaluated combinations, 17 out of 48 (35%) associations exhibited toxicity with a SMI below 0.85 for two of the three tests (n\u2009=\u20098) or all the three tests (n\u2009=\u20099). Notably, three out of 17 (18%) of the three-consumable associations, five out of 16 (31%) of the four-consumable associations, and nine out of 15 (60%) of the five-consumable associations were found not compliant. The toxicity did not originate from a single consumable, because only consumables that were individually pre-validated as non-toxic were included in the combinations, but the toxicity had a cumulative origin. The risk of cumulative toxicity increased with the number of consumables included in the association (Cochran\u2013Mantel\u2013Haenszel statistic, P\u2009=\u20090.013).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n The high proportion of non-compliant combinations of disposables can be attributed directly to the extreme rigorous extraction conditions employed during the tests, which could deviate from the conditions encountered in routine clinical use. Also, the methodology employed in the HSMAs (e.g. toxicity extraction duration, sperm concentrations, and protein supplementation of the medium) can influence the sensitivity of the tests.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n This study highlights the significance of performing toxicity testing on devices before introducing them into clinical practice. Disposables should be tested individually to detect immediate toxicities and also in combination. Our results advocate rationalizing the number of consumables used in each IVF procedure and re-evaluating the use of glass consumables.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n This study received fundings from GCS Ramsay Sant\u00e9 pour l\u2019Enseignement et la Recherche (Paris, France) and the Centre de Biologie M\u00e9dicale BIOGROUP\u00a0(Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France). The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the reported research.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T08:44:33Z","timestamp":1707468273000},"page":"936-954","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Disposables used cumulatively in routine IVF procedures could display toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4768-3051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Delaroche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ramsay Sant\u00e9, H\u00f4pital Priv\u00e9 de Parly 2, Institut Fertilit\u00e9 Maternit\u00e9 Parly 2 , Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France"},{"name":"Centre de Biologie M\u00e9dicale BIOGROUP, H\u00f4pital Priv\u00e9 de Parly 2 , Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucile","family":"Besnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biologie M\u00e9dicale BIOGROUP, H\u00f4pital Priv\u00e9 de Parly 2 , Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Ouary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C2R SAS , Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Bazin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HORIANA , Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Cassuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Drouot , Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_271_21","article-title":"Bisphenol-S influence on oxidative stress and endocrine biomarkers of reproductive system: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Abouhamzeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01131499","article-title":"Toxicity testing for human in vitro fertilization programs","volume":"2","author":"Ackerman","year":"1985","journal-title":"J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transf"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-27930-1","article-title":"Adverse health effects and mechanisms of microplastics on female reproductive system: a descriptive review","volume":"30","author":"Afreen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1001993","article-title":"Bisphenol A exposure during pregnancy disrupts glucose homeostasis in mothers and adult male offspring","volume":"118","author":"Alonso-Magdalena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B5","first-page":"227","article-title":"\u201cHow to count sperm properly\u201d: checklist for acceptability of studies based on human semen analysis","volume":"31","author":"Bj\u00f6rndahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2019.10.003","article-title":"\u201cThere is only one thing that is truly important in an IVF laboratory: everything\u201d Cairo Consensus Guidelines on IVF Culture Conditions","volume":"40","author":"Cairo Consensus Group","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah179","article-title":"Bisphenol-A induces cell cycle delay and alters centrosome and spindle microtubular organization in oocytes during meiosis","volume":"11","author":"Can","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666171009121001","article-title":"Bisphenol A in reproduction: epigenetic effects","volume":"25","author":"Chianese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-020-02756-9","article-title":"Variable VOCs in plastic culture flasks and their potential impact on cell volatile biomarkers","volume":"412","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.7.1586","article-title":"Optimizing sensitivity of the human sperm motility assay for embryo toxicity testing","volume":"15","author":"Claassens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.8.1742","article-title":"Ambient air and its potential effects on conception in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab016","article-title":"Plasticity of the human preimplantation embryo: developmental dogmas, variations on themes and self-correction","volume":"27","author":"Coticchio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsacl.2023.06.002","article-title":"The pipetting olympics: propagating proper pipetting a priori in clinical LC-MS\/MS analysis","volume":"29","author":"Crawford","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136942","article-title":"Quality control in an in-vitro fertilization laboratory: use of human sperm survival studies","volume":"4","author":"Critchlow","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/RAF-23-0018","article-title":"Quality of fresh and cryopreserved bovine sperm is reduced by BPA and BPF exposure","volume":"4","author":"Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez277","article-title":"Embryotoxicity testing of IVF disposables: how do manufacturers test?","volume":"35","author":"Delaroche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1238","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041238","article-title":"Bisphenol S impaired in vitro ovine early developmental oocyte competence","volume":"21","author":"Desmarchais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.11.005","article-title":"A new chapter in the bisphenol A story: bisphenol S and bisphenol F are not safe alternatives to this compound","volume":"103","author":"Eladak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B19","author":"EN ISO 23162:2021"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew016","article-title":"Revised guidelines for good practice in IVF laboratories (2015)","volume":"31","author":"ESHRE Guideline Group on Good Practice in IVF Labs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5880","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308560101","article-title":"Long-term effect of in vitro culture of mouse embryos with serum on mRNA expression of imprinting genes, development, and behavior","volume":"101","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Gonzalez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew116","article-title":"Bisphenol A in culture media and plastic consumables used for ART","volume":"31","author":"Gatimel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4510","article-title":"The reproductive and transgenerational toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics: a threat to mammalian fertility in both sexes","volume":"44","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104572","article-title":"Plastic used in vitro fertilization procedures induces massive placental gene expression alterations","volume":"91","author":"Kouakou","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.4331","article-title":"The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on plastics and human health","volume":"89","author":"Landrigan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.01.113","article-title":"Double-quality control reveals high-level toxicity in gloves used for operator protection in assisted reproductive technology","volume":"88","author":"Lierman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2017.1377591","article-title":"Sperm toxicity testing: UK best practice guideline from the Association of Biomedical Andrologists","volume":"75","author":"Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det312","article-title":"Bisphenol-A and human oocyte maturation in vitro","volume":"28","author":"Machtinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1162395","article-title":"Bioactive contaminants leach from disposable laboratory plasticware","volume":"322","author":"McDonald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316569238.013","volume-title":"Principles of IVF Laboratory Practice: Optimizing Performance and Outcomes","author":"Meintjes","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138795","article-title":"Plastic packaging-associated chemicals and their hazards\u2014an overview of reviews","volume":"331","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa290","article-title":"Impact of the polycarbonate strippers used in assisted reproduction techniques on embryonic development","volume":"36","author":"Moreau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.02.005","article-title":"Cairo consensus on the IVF laboratory environment and air quality: report of an expert meeting","volume":"36","author":"Mortimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B34"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13010142","article-title":"Effects of BPA, BPS, and BPF on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme expression in bovine oocytes and spermatozoa","volume":"13","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.07.011","article-title":"Reprotoxicity of intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer disposables and products: a 4-year survey","volume":"92","author":"Nijs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2021.11.003","article-title":"Variation in common laboratory test results caused by ambient temperature","volume":"2","author":"Obermeyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1139\/y2012-049","article-title":"On the disruption of biochemical and biological assays by chemicals leaching from disposable laboratory plasticware","volume":"90","author":"Olivieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102347","article-title":"Effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on female fertility","volume":"88","author":"Panagopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.02.016","article-title":"Comprehensive guidance for human embryology, andrology, and endocrinology laboratories: management and operations: a committee opinion","volume":"117","author":"Practice Committees of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and the Society for Reproductive Biologists and Technologists (SRBT). Electronic address:","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23119","article-title":"Embryo responses to stress induced by assisted reproductive technologies","volume":"86","author":"Ramos-Ibeas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408989","article-title":"Bisphenol S and F: a systematic review and comparison of the hormonal activity of Bisphenol A substitutes","volume":"123","author":"Rochester","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"hoad044","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoad044","article-title":"Bisphenol-A disturbs hormonal levels and testis mitochondrial activity, reducing male fertility","volume":"2023","author":"Ryu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02479-z","article-title":"Use of mineral oil in IVF culture systems: physico-chemical aspects, management, and safety","volume":"39","author":"Scarica","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105536","article-title":"Reproductive toxic potential of phthalate compounds\u2014state of art review","volume":"167","author":"Sedha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfac060","article-title":"Phthalate exposures and placental health in animal models and humans: a systematic review","volume":"188","author":"Seymore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B47","first-page":"e46388","article-title":"Interobserver variability in semen analysis: findings from a quality control initiative","volume":"15","author":"Siddharth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-2027","article-title":"Bisphenol A exposure disrupts metabolic health across multiple generations in the mouse","volume":"156","author":"Susiarjo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(00)00119-2","article-title":"Preimplantation exposure to bisphenol A advances postnatal development","volume":"15","author":"Takai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-19-0575","article-title":"Bisphenol A and S impaired ovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis","volume":"159","author":"T\u00e9teau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-023-01114-4","article-title":"Bisphenol A and bisphenol S both disrupt ovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis but through different molecular pathways","volume":"16","author":"T\u00e9teau","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890109604460","article-title":"Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde","volume":"56","author":"Thrasher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa365","article-title":"Bisphenol S is present in culture media used for ART and cell culture","volume":"36","author":"Togola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9598","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119598","article-title":"Bisphenol S reduces pig spermatozoa motility through different intracellular pathways and mechanisms than its analog bisphenol A","volume":"24","author":"Torres-Badia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-018-0740-y","article-title":"FT-IR investigations on effect of high doses of gamma radiation-induced damage to polystyrene and mechanism of formation of radiolysis products","volume":"57","author":"Vardhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Environ Biophys"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv034","article-title":"The effects of chemical and physical factors on mammalian embryo culture and their importance for the practice of assisted human reproduction","volume":"22","author":"Wale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1159","article-title":"Large effects from small exposures. III. Endocrine mechanisms mediating effects of bisphenol A at levels of human exposure","volume":"147","author":"Welshons","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B58","volume-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003220","article-title":"Most plastic products release estrogenic chemicals: a potential health problem that can be solved","volume":"119","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024050205551075200_deae028-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145182","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1145182","article-title":"The bisphenol S contamination level observed in human follicular fluid affects the development of porcine oocytes","volume":"11","author":"\u017dalmanov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/39\/5\/936\/57365768\/deae028.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/39\/5\/936\/57365768\/deae028.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T01:59:30Z","timestamp":1714615170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/39\/5\/936\/7618942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deae028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]}}}