{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T21:56:50Z","timestamp":1773179810047,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA ES103344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA ES103344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIEHS T32ES007018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIEHS T32ES007018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>What is the longitudinal association between gestational phthalate exposure and in vivo placental outcomes?<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Phthalates were adversely associated with placental microvasculature, stiffness, and presence of calcification, with different metabolites associated with different outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Phthalate exposure is ubiquitous and implicated as a contributor to adverse pregnancy outcomes, possibly through impacts on the placenta.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 303 women were recruited in early pregnancy and prospectively followed for up to eight visits across gestation in the Human Placenta and Phthalates study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At each visit, women provided urine samples and underwent placental ultrasounds. Urine was analyzed for 18 metabolites of phthalates and replacements. We took the geometric mean of repeated measurements to reflect pregnancy-averaged phthalate or replacement exposure for each participant (n\u2009=\u2009303). Placental microvasculature, stiffness, and microcalcification presence were quantified from ultrasounds at each visit. Higher scores reflected worse placental function for all measures. Generalized linear mixed models were created to estimate the association between pregnancy-averaged exposure biomarker concentrations and repeated outcome measurements for microvasculature and stiffness. Gestational age at the time of calcification detection was modeled using Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Monocarboxyisononyl phthalate and summed di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites were associated with impaired microvasculature development, such that an interquartile range increase in concentration was associated with 0.11 standard deviation increase in the microvasculature ratio, indicating poorer vascularization (95% CI: 0.00, 0.22); 0.11 [95% CI: \u22120.01, 0.22], respectively. Monoethyl phthalate was associated with increased placental stiffness (0.09 [95% CI: \u22120.01, 0.19]) while summed di-iso-butyl phthalate metabolites and monobenzyl phthalate were associated with increased hazard of calcification detection (hazard ratios: 1.18 [95% CI: 0.98, 1.42]; 1.13 [95% CI: 0.96, 1.34]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Outcomes used in this study are novel and further investigation is needed to provide clinical context and relevance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found evidence of associations between select phthalate biomarkers and various aspects of in vivo placental health, although we did not observe consistency across placental outcomes. These findings could illustrate heterogeneous effects of phthalate exposure on placental function.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ZIA ES103344), and NIEHS T32ES007018. The authors declare that they have no competing interests to disclose. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the CDC, the Public Health Service, or the US Department of Health and Human Services.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T22:01:55Z","timestamp":1720303315000},"page":"2104-2114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Longitudinal associations between urinary biomarkers of phthalates and replacements with novel <i>in vivo<\/i> measures of placental health"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0960-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma M","family":"Rosen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle R","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin E","family":"McNell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mollie E","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander P","family":"Keil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia M","family":"Calafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julianne Cook","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Sinkovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School , Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Przybylska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School , Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Saade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Abuhamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School , Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8467-3250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly K","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0241-5","article-title":"Maternal urinary phthalates and sex-specific placental mRNA levels in an urban birth cohort","volume":"16","author":"Adibi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-007-0118-9","article-title":"Link between the early calcium deposition in placenta and nanobacterial-like infection","volume":"32","author":"Agababov","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biosci"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0238","article-title":"Placental elasticity assessment by point shear wave elastography in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"47","author":"Akbas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00154","article-title":"Placental ESRRG-CYP19A1 expressions and circulating 17-Beta estradiol in IUGR pregnancies","volume":"7","author":"Anelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.10.007","article-title":"In vivo assessment of placental elasticity in intrauterine growth restriction by shear-wave elastography","volume":"97","author":"Arioz Habibi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/jcis.JCIS_79_17","article-title":"Superb microvascular imaging: added value and novel applications","volume":"7","author":"Artul","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Imaging Sci"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11111625","article-title":"Long-term consequences of placental vascular pathology on the maternal and offspring cardiovascular systems","volume":"11","author":"Benagiano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.06.036","article-title":"Phthalates impact human health: epidemiological evidences and plausible mechanism of action","volume":"340","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"067013","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP334","article-title":"Statistical approaches for estimating sex-specific effects in endocrine disruptors research","volume":"125","author":"Buckley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP188","article-title":"Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites measured during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia","volume":"124","author":"Cantonwine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7733","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between preterm placental calcification and adverse maternal and fetal outcome","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46725-8_13","volume-title":"Cardiovascular Calcification and Bone Mineralization [Internet]","author":"Correia-Branco","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-021-00392-8","article-title":"Phthalate and novel plasticizer concentrations in food items from U.S. fast food chains: a preliminary analysis","volume":"32","author":"Edwards","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B14","first-page":"77","article-title":"Pathology of the placenta. X. Syncytial proliferation, calcification, cysts, pigments and metabolic disorders","volume":"138","author":"Emmrich","year":"1992","journal-title":"Zentralbl Pathol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05596-1","article-title":"Comparison of placental elasticity in normal and intrauterine growth retardation pregnancies by ex vivo strain elastography","volume":"302","author":"Ero\u011flu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.04.002","article-title":"Phthalate metabolites and bisphenol-A in association with circulating angiogenic biomarkers across pregnancy","volume":"36","author":"Ferguson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.3699","article-title":"Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth","volume":"168","author":"Ferguson","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B18","author":"Update,","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-023-00802-4","article-title":"Placental syndromes and long-term risk of hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Fraser","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003881","article-title":"Placental vascular dysfunction, fetal and childhood growth, and cardiovascular development","volume":"128","author":"Gaillard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2008.04.019","article-title":"Monitoring of fetal well-being: role of uterine artery doppler","volume":"32","author":"Ghidini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6086","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24505-w","article-title":"Exposure to phthalate, an endocrine disrupting chemical, alters the first trimester placental methylome and transcriptome in women","volume":"8","author":"Grindler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26312","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of spiral and uterine arteries in normal pregnancy using novel ultrasound tool","volume":"62","author":"Horgan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/1047322X.1990.10389587","article-title":"Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values","volume":"5","author":"Hornung","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B25","author":"Human Placenta Project: How Does the Placenta Form?","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2017.1285871","article-title":"Is preterm placental calcification related to adverse maternal and foetal outcome?","volume":"37","author":"Jamal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2014.14338","article-title":"Shear wave elastography of placenta: in vivo quantitation of placental elasticity in preeclampsia","volume":"21","author":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106656","article-title":"Urinary specific gravity measures in the U.S. population: implications for the adjustment of non-persistent chemical urinary biomarker data","volume":"156","author":"Kuiper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50963","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050963","article-title":"Maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability","volume":"8","author":"Langridge","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408409","article-title":"First-trimester urine concentrations of phthalate metabolites and phenols and placenta miRNA expression in a Cohort of U.S. women","volume":"124","author":"LaRocca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09814-w","article-title":"Placental dysfunction underlies increased risk of fetal growth restriction and stillbirth in advanced maternal age women","volume":"7","author":"Lean","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400903094091","article-title":"Reproductive and developmental toxicity of phthalates","volume":"12","author":"Lyche","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2017.01.001","article-title":"Fetal programming of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Marciniak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.01.025","article-title":"Fetal exposure to environmental chemicals; insights from placental perfusion studies","volume":"106","author":"Mathiesen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-28903-8_3","volume-title":"Doppler Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology","author":"Maulik","year":"2005"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1295443","article-title":"To ignore or not to ignore placental calcifications on prenatal ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Mirza","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.11.022","article-title":"Placental weight in relation to maternal and paternal preconception and prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations among subfertile couples","volume":"169","author":"Mustieles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1509693","article-title":"Environmental chemicals in urine and blood: improving methods for creatinine and lipid adjustment","volume":"124","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(93)90265-E","article-title":"A high uterine artery pulsatility index reflects a defective development of placental bed spiral arteries in pregnancies complicated by hypertension and fetal growth retardation","volume":"49","author":"Olofsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107150","article-title":"Identification of profiles and determinants of maternal pregnancy urinary biomarkers of phthalates and replacements in the Illinois kids development study","volume":"162","author":"Pacyga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6393","article-title":"Sonography in obese and overweight pregnant women: clinical, medicolegal and technical issues","volume":"33","author":"Paladini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4048\/jbc.2016.19.1.83","article-title":"The utility of MicroPureTM ultrasound technique in assessing grouped microcalcifications without a mass on mammography","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Breast Cancer"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17002","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP3523","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to select phthalates and phenols and associations with fetal and placental weight among male births in the EDEN Cohort (France)","volume":"127","author":"Philippat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey364","article-title":"Early pregnancy bisphenol and phthalate metabolite levels, maternal hemodynamics and gestational hypertensive disorders","volume":"34","author":"Philips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89419","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089419","article-title":"Placental pathology, perinatal death, neonatal outcome, and neurological development: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Roescher","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13036","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04043","article-title":"Variability and longitudinal trajectories of phthalate and replacement biomarkers across pregnancy in the human placenta and phthalates study","volume":"57","author":"Rosen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0185645","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185645","article-title":"Heavy metals exposure levels and their correlation with different clinical forms of fetal growth restriction","volume":"12","author":"Sabra","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587635","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.587635","article-title":"A review of biomechanics analysis of the umbilical-placenta system with regards to diseases","volume":"12","author":"Saw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.312418","article-title":"Regulation of vascular calcification by growth hormone-releasing hormone and its agonists","volume":"122","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2007.10.023","article-title":"Quantification of 22 phthalate metabolites in human urine","volume":"860","author":"Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-015-0060-5","article-title":"Parental urinary biomarkers of preconception exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates in relation to birth outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Smarr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der437","article-title":"Occupational exposure to chemicals and fetal growth: the Generation R Study","volume":"27","author":"Snijder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05697-x","article-title":"Characterizing placental stiffness using ultrasound shear-wave elastography in healthy and preeclamptic pregnancies","volume":"302","author":"Spiliopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.09.026","article-title":"Failure of physiological transformation and spiral artery atherosis: their roles in preeclampsia","volume":"226","author":"Staff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115975","article-title":"Early pregnancy phthalates and replacements in relation to fetal growth: the human placenta and phthalates study","volume":"229","author":"Stevens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160116","article-title":"Shear-wave elastography: basic physics and musculoskeletal applications","volume":"37","author":"Taljanovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev163428","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.163428","article-title":"Development of the human placenta","volume":"146","author":"Turco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001056","article-title":"An empirical validation of the within-subject biospecimens pooling approach to minimize exposure misclassification in biomarker-based studies","volume":"30","author":"Vernet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114080","article-title":"Urinary excretion of phthalates and the substitutes DINCH and DEHTP in Danish young men and German young adults between 2000 and 2017\u2014A time trend analysis","volume":"248","author":"Vogel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041103","article-title":"Who is at risk for preeclampsia? risk factors for developing initial preeclampsia in a subsequent pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Wainstock","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01044","article-title":"Placental vascular calcification and cardiovascular health: it is time to determine how much of maternal and offspring health is written in stone","volume":"9","author":"Wallingford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-020-0200-z","article-title":"Sex-specific difference in placental inflammatory transcriptional biomarkers of maternal phthalate exposure: a prospective cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9050603","article-title":"Phthalates and their impacts on human health","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B64","author":"Wang","year":"2010"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics7020021","article-title":"A review of biomonitoring of phthalate exposures","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2021.05.001","article-title":"Placental outcomes of phthalate exposure","volume":"103","author":"Warner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.2252","article-title":"Associations between prenatal urinary biomarkers of phthalate exposure and preterm birth: a pooled study of 16 US cohorts","volume":"176","author":"Welch","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4620","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094620","article-title":"Regulatory role of sex hormones in cardiovascular calcification","volume":"22","author":"Woodward","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.319","article-title":"Effects of the phthalate exposure during three gestation periods on birth weight and their gender differences: a birth cohort study in China","volume":"613\u2013614","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.103","article-title":"Gender-specific relationship between prenatal exposure to phthalates and intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"76","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aogh.2016.01.008","article-title":"Effects of environmental exposures on fetal and childhood growth trajectories","volume":"82","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118770550","article-title":"Maternal phthalate and personal care products exposure alters extracellular placental miRNA profile in twin pregnancies","volume":"26","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2024090414360710000_deae152-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.09.012","article-title":"Prenatal phthalate exposure and placental size and shape at birth: a birth cohort study","volume":"160","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Res"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/39\/9\/2104\/59018227\/deae152.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/39\/9\/2104\/59018227\/deae152.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T08:33:54Z","timestamp":1725525234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/39\/9\/2104\/7708745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deae152","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]}}}