{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:07:00Z","timestamp":1788941220987,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IVF laboratories routinely adopt morphological pronuclear assessment at the zygote stage to identify abnormally fertilized embryos deemed unsuitable for clinical use. In essence, this is a pseudo-genetic test for ploidy motivated by the notion that biparental diploidy is required for normal human life and abnormal ploidy will lead to either failed implantation, miscarriage, or significant pregnancy complications, including molar pregnancy and chorionic carcinoma. Here, we review the literature associated with ploidy assessment of human embryos derived from zygotes displaying a pronuclear configuration other than the canonical two, and the related pregnancy outcome following transfer. We highlight that pronuclear assessment, although associated with aberrant ploidy outcomes, has a low specificity in the prediction of abnormal ploidy status in the developing embryo, while embryos deemed abnormally fertilized can yield healthy pregnancies. Therefore, this universal strategy of pronuclear assessment invariably leads to incorrect classification of over 50% of blastocysts derived from atypically pronucleated zygotes, and the systematic disposal of potentially viable embryos in IVF. To overcome this limitation of current practice, we discuss the new preimplantation genetic testing technologies that enable accurate identification of the ploidy status of preimplantation embryos and suggest a progress from morphology-based checks to molecular fertilization check as the new gold standard. This alternative molecular fertilization checking represents a possible non-incremental and controversy-free improvement to live birth rates in IVF as it adds to the pool of viable embryos available for transfer. This is especially important for the purposes of \u2018family building\u2019 or for poor-prognosis IVF patients where embryo numbers are often limited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T10:59:08Z","timestamp":1720177148000},"page":"1869-1878","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["An expert opinion on rescuing atypically pronucleated human zygotes by molecular genetic fertilization checks in IVF"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0109-323X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Capalbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Genetics, Juno Genetics\u2014Italy , Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5390-9221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Cimadomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, GENERA , Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1635-9205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Coticchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVIRMA Italia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8200-378X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Simon","family":"Ottolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Genetics, Juno Genetics\u2014Italy , Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, UCL Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University College London , London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024090414362345100_deae157-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"hox011","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hox011","article-title":"The Vienna consensus: report of an expert meeting on the development of ART laboratory performance indicators","volume":"2017","author":"Alpha Scientists in Reproductive Medicine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"2024090414362345100_deae157-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der037","article-title":"The Istanbul consensus workshop on embryo assessment: proceedings of an expert meeting","volume":"26","author":"Balaban","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum 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