{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:36:46Z","timestamp":1790044606309,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK127585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK127585"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 HL145386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 HL145386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA176726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA176726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Are empirically derived adolescent overweight\/obesity phenotypes differentially associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in young adulthood?<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Self-reported PCOS diagnosis risk in young adulthood varied by empirically derived adolescent overweight\/obesity phenotypes, with the highest risk observed among those in the \u2018mothers with obesity\u2019 and \u2018early puberty\u2019 phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overweight and obesity during puberty are postulated to promote the development of PCOS. Much of the prior literature in this area is cross-sectional and defines weight status based solely on BMI, yet emerging research suggests that not all people with overweight\/obesity have the same risk for chronic health conditions, including PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data came from 4838 female participants in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), an ongoing prospective cohort study in the USA that has followed children aged 9\u201314 into young adulthood (ages 31\u201337, with 16 waves of data collection between 1996 and 2019).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We previously used latent class analysis to empirically derive obesity phenotypes among 2038 female participants aged 14\u201319\u2009years with overweight\/obesity in the sample, as determined by participants\u2019 self-reported height and weight status. Indicators in the latent class analysis were participants\u2019 maternal weight status, disordered eating behaviors, body image and weight concerns, depressive symptoms and pubertal timing. The derived obesity phenotypes included \u2018mothers with obesity\u2019, \u2018early puberty\u2019, \u2018high weight concerns\u2019, and \u2018mixed\u2019. Among these participants and female participants without adolescent overweight\/obesity, we used logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to examine associations of adolescent obesity phenotypes with self-reported PCOS diagnosis after age 19. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants in all four obesity phenotypes were more likely than participants without overweight\/obesity to report a PCOS diagnosis (\u2018mothers with obesity\u2019 phenotype: odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20094.50, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.61, 7.77; \u2018early puberty\u2019 phenotype: OR\u2009=\u20092.51, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.59, 3.97; \u2018high weight concerns\u2019 phenotype: OR\u2009=\u20092.01, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.24, 3.24; \u2018mixed\u2019 phenotype: OR\u2009=\u20091.94, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.33, 2.82). Individuals in the \u2018mothers with obesity\u2019 phenotype had a significantly greater risk of PCOS diagnosis compared to those in the \u2018mixed\u2019 and \u2018high weight concerns\u2019 phenotypes (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants self-reported PCOS diagnosis, which may underestimate new-onset PCOS and limit our ability to establish a temporal order between overweight\/obesity and PCOS development. Residual confounding may also explain some of the observed associations in our analysis. Despite the fact that participants were from all regions across the USA, the results may not be generalizable to non-White and socioeconomically diverse populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among females, the risk of PCOS in young adulthood varied by distinct adolescent obesity phenotypes. Those in the \u2018mothers with obesity\u2019 and \u2018early puberty\u2019 phenotypes had higher risks of PCOS, which suggests a potential underlying biological component. It may be beneficial to tailor PCOS surveillance according to these high-risk adolescent obesity phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This project was funded by research grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01 DK127585, U01 HL145386, and U01 CA176726). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors have no competing interests to disclose.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T21:09:02Z","timestamp":1736197742000},"page":"545-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prospective associations of adolescent obesity phenotypes with self-reported polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis in young adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"L A","family":"Reich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health , Providence, RI,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R G","family":"St Fleur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital , Providence, RI,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Gjelsvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health , Providence, RI,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A E","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health , Providence, RI,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3670-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H N","family":"Ziobrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health , Providence, RI,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B1","first-page":"e45405","article-title":"Prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome and its link to obesity in adolescent girls","volume":"15","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2017.12.002","article-title":"Do different diagnostic criteria impact polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis for adolescents?","volume":"31","author":"Akg\u00fcl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1371092","article-title":"Childhood obesity and its impact on the development of adolescent PCOS","volume":"32","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey343","article-title":"Bidirectional Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relationships between body mass index and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Brower","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.04.001","article-title":"Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents","volume":"100","author":"Christensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240","article-title":"Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey","volume":"320","author":"Cole","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa005","article-title":"Clinicians\u2019 perspectives on diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome in Australia: a qualitative study","volume":"35","author":"Copp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac001","article-title":"Deconstructing a syndrome: genomic insights into PCOS causal mechanisms and classification","volume":"43","author":"Dapas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007813","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007813","article-title":"Large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome suggests shared genetic architecture for different diagnosis criteria","volume":"14","author":"Day","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96351","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19180","article-title":"The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in reproductive-aged women of different ethnicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4178","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2586","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism accompanies increased intra-abdominal fat storage in normal weight polycystic ovary syndrome women","volume":"101","author":"Dumesic","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-016-0130-x","article-title":"Familial early puberty: presentation and inheritance pattern in 139 families","volume":"16","author":"Durand","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03575-x","article-title":"Is there any association between age at menarche and anthropometric indices? A 15-year follow-up population-based cohort study","volume":"179","author":"Farahmand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10220","article-title":"Comparison of self-report to interview assessment of bulimic behaviors among preadolescent and adolescent girls and boys","volume":"35","author":"Field","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.11.002","article-title":"Characteristics of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, treatment, and genetics","volume":"92","author":"Glueck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.01.018","article-title":"Sex hormone-binding globulin, oligomenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and childhood insulin at age 14 years predict metabolic syndrome and class III obesity at age 24 years","volume":"159","author":"Glueck","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.1.52","article-title":"Accuracy of teen and parental reports of obesity and body mass index","volume":"106","author":"Goodman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199901000-00008","article-title":"Causal diagrams for epidemiologic research","volume":"10","author":"Greenland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa069","article-title":"Associations of childhood adiposity with menstrual irregularity and polycystic ovary syndrome in adulthood: the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study and the Bogalusa Heart Study","volume":"35","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1071","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa839","article-title":"Update on PCOS: consequences, challenges, and guiding treatment","volume":"106","author":"Hoeger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2023.02.006","article-title":"Adolescent PCOS: a postpubertal central obesity syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13173","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13173","article-title":"Eating disorder risk in adolescents with obesity","volume":"22","author":"Jebeile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_646_17","article-title":"Study of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness and its correlation with cardiometabolic risk factors and hormonal parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Jena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00163-2","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Joham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.13282","article-title":"Determinants of polycystic ovary syndrome: a matched case-control study","volume":"37","author":"Kaur","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02394-0","article-title":"Factors associated with self-report of polycystic ovary syndrome in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (CARDIA)","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B27","first-page":"285","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders and obesity in childhood and adolescence-a systematic review of cross-sectional studies","volume":"10","author":"Kokka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms030","article-title":"Overweight, obesity and central obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.09.003","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical presentations of polycystic ovary syndrome among obese and nonobese women","volume":"92","author":"Liou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003","article-title":"Criteria, prevalence, and phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Lizneva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14820","article-title":"Age at menarche and polycystic ovary syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"162","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000519039","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic control of puberty","volume":"16","author":"Manotas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Dev"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291","article-title":"Variations in patterns of pubertal changes in girls","volume":"44","author":"Marshall","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab613","article-title":"Health care-related economic burden of polycystic ovary syndrome in the United States: pregnancy-related and long-term health consequences","volume":"107","author":"Riestenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0666-1","article-title":"Prenatal androgen exposure and transgenerational susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Risal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2001.0850","article-title":"Cross-sectional measurement of nutrient intake among adolescents in 1996","volume":"33","author":"Rockett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-023-09854-w","article-title":"Epigenetic programming for obesity and noncommunicable disease: from womb to tomb","volume":"25","author":"Saavedra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"hox010","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hox010","article-title":"Birthweight and PCOS: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2017","author":"Sadrzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47776","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047776","article-title":"Birth weight and long-term overweight risk: systematic review and a meta-analysis including 643,902 persons from 66 studies and 26 countries globally","volume":"7","author":"Schellong","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad031","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental programming of adiposity: contributions to obesity risk","volume":"45","author":"Skowronski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550130052036","article-title":"A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"278","author":"Solomon","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226933","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1226933","article-title":"Association between precocious puberty and obesity risk in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3016","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23893","article-title":"Phenotyping children and adolescents with obesity using behavioral, psychological, and familial data","volume":"31","author":"St Fleur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8211","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218211","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: a brain disorder characterized by eating problems originating during puberty and adolescence","volume":"21","author":"Steegers-Theunissen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-421","article-title":"Accuracy and usefulness of BMI measures based on self-reported weight and height: findings from the NHANES & NHIS 2001-2006","volume":"9","author":"Stommel","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B46","first-page":"9226","article-title":"Evaluation of visceral adipose tissue thickness in precocious puberty","volume":"27","author":"Ta\u015folar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey256","article-title":"Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Teede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13300","article-title":"The diagnosis and lived experience of polycystic ovary syndrome: a qualitative study","volume":"73","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1159\/000345310","article-title":"Development of obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents","volume":"78","author":"Vilmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14831","article-title":"Causal relationships between birth weight, childhood obesity and age at menarche: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy271","article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for height and body mass index in \u223c700000 individuals of European ancestry","volume":"27","author":"Yengo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-021-02378-9","article-title":"Association between maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and early childhood growth: a continuous observation from 3 months to 6 years of age","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025030423092244200_deae294-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dgaa125","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa125","article-title":"Body mass index and polycystic ovary syndrome: a 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","volume":"105","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/40\/3\/545\/61356660\/deae294.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/40\/3\/545\/61356660\/deae294.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T23:10:36Z","timestamp":1741129836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/40\/3\/545\/7943618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deae294","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]}}}