{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:26:51Z","timestamp":1792794411175,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012682","name":"University of Oulu Scholarship Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012682","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation and the Novo Nordisk Foundation","award":["NNF21OC0070372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF21OC0070372"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04txyc737","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Are we able to establish endometrium epithelial organoids (EEOs) from endometrial samples obtained from women with PCOS, and do they differ from non-PCOS EEOs?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We were able to establish, for the first time, PCOS EEOs which capture endometrial abnormalities present in women with PCOS, including increased inflammation and decreased receptivity-related gene expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient-derived EEOs could serve as a tool to study endometrial dysfunction, as diseased tissue-derived organoid models typically retain the disease-related traits. In PCOS, endometrial dysfunction likely contributes to subfertility and pregnancy complications, yet previous research on the endometrial epithelial compartment has been scarce and, so far, no PCOS-derived EEOs have been established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EEOs were established from endometrial biopsies from two cohorts of women with PCOS\u2014including overweight\/obese (O-PCOS, n\u2009=\u20094) and lean (L-PCOS, n\u2009=\u20094)\u2014along with BMI-matched controls (overweight\/obese control (O-Ctrl), n\u2009=\u20094; lean control (L-Ctrl), n\u2009=\u20094). EEOs were exposed to combinations of steroid hormones (\u03b2-estradiol (E2), progesterone, cAMP, and the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling (WNT) inhibitor XAV-939)\u00a0for 6\u00a0days to simulate the proliferative or secretory phases of the menstrual cycle, with or without simultaneous androgen exposure with dihydrotestosterone (DHT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bulk RNA-sequencing was conducted to identify variations in gene expression between PCOS and Ctrl EEOs, while reverse-transcription quantitative PCR RT-qPCR was employed to validate these results. Morphological assessment of EEOs was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining. The size of EEOs was evaluated after 6\u00a0days of hormonal exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCOS EEOs from both BMI groups demonstrated increased inflammation-related gene expression (including increased expression of Oncostatin M Receptor (OSMR) and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1)) and showed a reduced diameter compared to their respective control EEOs. The O-PCOS EEOs displayed an aberrant response to steroid exposure with E2 and progesterone (including reduced expression of receptivity-related genes progestagen-associated endometrial protein and leukemia inhibitory factor)\u00a0as compared to control EEOs. Addition of DHT to the culture media did not affect EEO transcriptome, aligning with the minimal androgen receptor (AR) expression in the EEOs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LARGE SCALE DATA<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sequencing data are available from the corresponding author upon request.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study should be replicated with a larger number of samples and with other PCOS phenotypes apart from different weight categories. Furthermore, as this work is the first one to establish PCOS EEOs, future studies should focus on incorporating other endometrial cell types, including immune cells, in a co-culture system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This novel in vitro organoid model for PCOS captures the endometrial abnormalities present in the two weight categories of women with PCOS, thereby providing a valuable tool to gain insights into PCOS-related endometrial dysfunction. Our findings propose potential links to the increased risk of pregnancy complications in women with PCOS, such as the role of altered receptivity and implantation environment including increased inflammation, which may contribute to aberrant placentation and subsequent placental dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Jus\u00e9lius Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Research Council of Finland, Horizon 2020 Marie-Curie MATER Innovative Training Network (all to T.T.P.), Fund for Scientific Research Flanders-Belgium (FWO, G0A6719N to J.V. and GO99023N to H.V.); KU Leuven Research Fund (C14\/21\/116 to H.V. and C14\/24\/152 to J.V.), University of Oulu Scholarship Foundation Grant (to L.L.), and PhD grant of China Scholarship Council (CSC, to M.W.). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaf113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T07:34:05Z","timestamp":1748331245000},"page":"1535-1549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["PCOS endometrium-derived epithelial organoids as a novel model to study endometrial dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5545-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L","family":"Luyckx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Centre, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Implantation, Placentation, Pregnancy and Endometriosis (POPPYe) Research Group, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9879-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9410-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"U","family":"Saarela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Centre, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8472-2954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Myllykangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Centre, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5287-7582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Kinnunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Centre, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3277-9293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R","family":"Arffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Centre, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1618-7573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S","family":"Lie Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2502-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Vriens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implantation, Placentation, Pregnancy and Endometriosis (POPPYe) Research Group, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2251-7284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H","family":"Vankelecom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9921-7300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T T","family":"Piltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Centre, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54067-4","article-title":"Thromboinflammatory changes in plasma proteome of pregnant women with PCOS detected by quantitative label-free proteomics","volume":"9","author":"Arffman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of birth outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Bahri Khomami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12829","article-title":"Increased maternal pregnancy complications in polycystic ovary syndrome appear to be independent of obesity\u2014a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"20","author":"Bahri Khomami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000247","article-title":"PharmGKB summary: very important pharmacogene information for MT-RNR1","volume":"26","author":"Barbarino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179558119874042","DOI":"10.1177\/1179558119874042","article-title":"Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: implications for pathogenesis and novel management strategies","volume":"13","author":"Barber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Reprod Health"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu012","article-title":"Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Barry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527579","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3527579","article-title":"Xanthine oxidoreductase-derived reactive species: physiological and pathological effects","volume":"2016","author":"Battelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010164","article-title":"Expression of markers of endometrial receptivity in obese infertile PCOS women before and after the weight loss program\u2014a preliminary study","volume":"12","author":"Bergant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58419","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058419","article-title":"Endometrial receptivity: a revisit to functional genomics studies on human endometrium and creation of HGEx-ERdb","volume":"8","author":"Bhagwat","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.148478","article-title":"Development of organoids from mouse and human endometrium showing endometrial epithelium physiology and long-term expandability","volume":"144","author":"Boretto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-019-0360-z","article-title":"Patient-derived organoids from endometrial disease capture clinical heterogeneity and are amenable to drug screening","volume":"21","author":"Boretto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1","article-title":"State of the art review: obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child","volume":"356","author":"Catalano","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021072","article-title":"Regulation of HOXA-10 expression by testosterone in vitro and in the endometrium of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Cermik","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5101-6_21","article-title":"Progesterone resistance","volume":"196","author":"Chrousos","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02194-y","article-title":"Menstrual flow as a non-invasive source of endometrial organoids","volume":"4","author":"Cindrova-Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1850","article-title":"The NLR-related protein NWD1 is associated with prostate cancer and modulates androgen receptor signaling","volume":"5","author":"Correa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003132","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003132","article-title":"Distinct subtypes of polycystic ovary syndrome with novel genetic associations: an unsupervised, phenotypic clustering analysis","volume":"17","author":"Dapas","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100026","article-title":"Olfactomedin-4 regulation by estrogen in the human endometrium requires epidermal growth factor signaling","volume":"177","author":"Dassen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu154","article-title":"A retrospective study of the pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcome in overweight versus normal weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"29","author":"De Fr\u00e8ne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.127480","article-title":"Endometrial CRISP3 is regulated throughout the mouse estrous and human menstrual cycle and facilitates adhesion and proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells","volume":"92","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108517","article-title":"SCFAs switch stem cell fate through HDAC inhibition to improve barrier integrity in 3D intestinal organoids from patients with obesity","volume":"26","author":"Farhadipour","year":"2023","journal-title":"IScience"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00935","article-title":"Regulation of inflammation pathways and inflammasome by sex steroid hormones in endometriosis","volume":"10","author":"Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19970","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19970","article-title":"Intracrine androgens enhance decidualization and modulate expression of human endometrial receptivity genes","volume":"6","author":"Gibson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2023.07.004","article-title":"Organoid co-culture model of the cycling human endometrium in a fully synthetic extracellular matrix enables the study of epithelial-stromal crosstalk","volume":"4","author":"Gnecco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac267","article-title":"Association between body mass index, weight loss and the chance of pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and overweight or obesity: a retrospective cohort study in the UK","volume":"38","author":"Haas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1429.018","article-title":"The menstrual cycle: basic biology","volume":"1135","author":"Hawkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2022.113205","article-title":"Derivation of hormone-responsive human endometrial organoids and stromal cells from cryopreserved biopsies","volume":"417","author":"Heidari-Khoei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.3.427","article-title":"Hormonal carcinogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Henderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa951","article-title":"TLR4-associated IRF-7 and NF\u03baB signaling act as a molecular link between androgen and metformin activities and cytokine synthesis in the PCOS endometrium","volume":"106","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3803","article-title":"Endometrial expression of estrogen receptors and the androgen receptor in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a lifestyle intervention study","volume":"101","author":"Hulchiy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.2009.952085","article-title":"The human endometrium expresses the glycoprotein mucin-1 and shows positive correlation for thomsen-friedenreich epitope expression and galectin-1 binding","volume":"57","author":"Jeschke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00163-2","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Joham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95705-0","article-title":"Decidualized endometrial stromal cells present with altered androgen response in PCOS","volume":"11","author":"Khatun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2016.08.014","article-title":"Organoids: modeling development and the stem cell niche in a dish","volume":"38","author":"Kretzschmar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab161","article-title":"Progesterone triggers Rho kinase-cofilin axis during in vitro and in vivo endometrial decidualization","volume":"36","author":"Lavogina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B2455083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpi.2024.100380","article-title":"AI-algorithm training and validation for identification of endometrial CD138+ cells in infertility-associated conditions; polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and recurrent implantation failure (RIF)","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pathol Inform"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.13109","article-title":"Regulation of androgen receptor expression alters AMPK phosphorylation in the endometrium: in vivo and in vitro studies in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-006-9052-z","article-title":"Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV is essential for assembly and respiratory function of the enzyme complex","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bioenerg Biomembr"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12762","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"20","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B92999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090593","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1090593","article-title":"ID3 mediates BMP2-induced downregulation of ICAM1 expression in human endometiral stromal cells and decidual cells","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12071048","article-title":"Modeling endometrium biology and disease","volume":"12","author":"Maenhoudt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00760-x","article-title":"Mitochondrial control of inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Marchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3822","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153822","article-title":"Progesterone and estrogen signaling in the endometrium: what goes wrong in endometriosis?","volume":"20","author":"Marquardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06757-0","article-title":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome and miscarriage in IVF: systematic revision of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"308","author":"Matorras","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.05.006","article-title":"Progesterone resistance in endometriosis: an acquired property?","volume":"29","author":"McKinnon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13959","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40991-z","article-title":"Targeted gene expression profiling for accurate endometrial receptivity testing","volume":"13","author":"Meltsov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3543","article-title":"Weight gain and dyslipidemia in early adulthood associate with polycystic ovary syndrome: prospective cohort study","volume":"101","author":"Ollila","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa051","article-title":"Endometrial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review","volume":"27","author":"Palomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gag039","article-title":"Epithelial expression of matrix metalloproteinase-26 is elevated at mid-cycle in the human endometrium","volume":"9","author":"Pilka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.03.008","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: Endometrial markers","volume":"37","author":"Piltonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1923","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem\/progenitors and other endometrial cell types from women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) display inflammatory and oncogenic potential","volume":"98","author":"Piltonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev055","article-title":"Endometrial stromal fibroblasts from women with polycystic ovary syndrome have impaired progesterone-mediated decidualization, aberrant cytokine profiles and promote enhanced immune cell migration in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Piltonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B52","first-page":"112","article-title":"Progesterone receptor distribution in the human endometrium. Analysis using monoclonal antibodies to the human progesterone receptor","volume":"131","author":"Press","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60228-3","article-title":"Microarray evaluation of endometrial receptivity in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Qiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.09.053","article-title":"Evaluation of steroid receptors, coregulators, and molecules associated with uterine receptivity in secretory endometria from untreated women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Quezada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-020-03171-3","article-title":"Proteomic sift through serum and endometrium profiles unraveled signature proteins associated with subdued fertility and dampened endometrial receptivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"380","author":"Rashid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69603","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69603","article-title":"Modelling the impact of decidual senescence on embryo implantation in human endometrial assembloids","volume":"10","author":"Rawlings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2021.0149","article-title":"The endometrial transcriptome of metabolic and inflammatory pathways during the window of implantation is deranged in infertile obese polycystic ovarian syndrome women","volume":"20","author":"Salamun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2600","article-title":"Progesterone resistance in PCOS endometrium: a microarray analysis in clomiphene citrate-treated and artificial menstrual cycles","volume":"96","author":"Savaris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.07.615","article-title":"Obese women experience impaired in vitro decidualization due to decreased autophagy","volume":"106","author":"Schulte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13123","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713123","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in PCOS: insights into reproductive organ pathophysiology","volume":"24","author":"Siemers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2015.10.001","article-title":"Obesity statistics","volume":"43","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00511-3","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Stener-Victorin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19754","article-title":"Accessory subunits are integral for assembly and function of human mitochondrial complex I","volume":"538","author":"Stroud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad463","article-title":"Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Teede","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-2857","article-title":"Characterization of common UGT1A8, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 variants with different capacities to inactivate mutagenic 4-hydroxylated metabolites of estradiol and estrone","volume":"66","author":"Thibaudeau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19667","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.010704","article-title":"The transcriptional co-activator NCOA6 promotes estrogen-induced GREB1 transcription by recruiting ER\u03b1 and enhancing enhancer\u2013promoter interactions","volume":"294","author":"Tong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3516","article-title":"Long-term, hormone-responsive organoid cultures of human endometrium in a chemically-defined medium","volume":"19","author":"Turco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21906","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21906","article-title":"Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of vanin-1 activity in animal models of type 2 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Van Diepen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab050","article-title":"Inflammation and reproductive function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Velez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1040-z","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.201","article-title":"Wnt\/\u0392-catenin and sex hormone signaling in endometrial homeostasis and cancer","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz100","article-title":"Scaffold-free endometrial organoids respond to excess androgens associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Wiwatpanit","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239732","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1239732","article-title":"The clinical relevance of OSM in inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"14","author":"Wolf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176220","article-title":"Vanin1 (VNN1) in chronic diseases: future directions for targeted therapy","volume":"962","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12026","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512026","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism and its possible effects on endometrial receptivity: a review","volume":"24","author":"Yusuf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025080101520475900_deaf113-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-019-0694-9","article-title":"CCDC74A\/B are K-fiber crosslinkers required for chromosomal alignment","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Biol"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/40\/8\/1535\/63472870\/deaf113.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/40\/8\/1535\/63472870\/deaf113.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T05:52:38Z","timestamp":1754027558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/40\/8\/1535\/8160610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deaf113","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]}}}