{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:22:00Z","timestamp":1787008920244,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-21-CE15-0021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE15-0021-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>What is the direct effect of mumps virus (MuV) replication within the human testis on the tissue innate immune responses and testicular cell functions?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MuV induces an early pro-inflammatory response in the human testis ex vivo and infects both Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, which drastically alters testosterone and inhibin B production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite widespread vaccination efforts, orchitis remains a significant complication of MuV infection, especially in young men, which potentially results in infertility in up to 87% of patients with bilateral orchitis. Our understanding of MuV pathogenesis in the human testis has been limited by the lack of relevant animal models, impairing the development of effective treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Normal testes were collected from seven uninfected post-mortem donors (median age of 55\u00a0years, range 29\u201379). Organotypic cultures of human testis explants exposed or not to MuV ex vivo were undertaken for 10\u2009days. Utilizing this original ex vivo model, we investigated the replication kinetics of MuV, identified its target cells, characterized the innate immune responses of the testis to the virus, and assessed the impact of the infection on testicular cell functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human testis explants were exposed overnight to MuV at a multiplicity of infection of 1 and cultured on polyethylene terephthalate inserts at the air\/medium interface for 10\u2009days. MuV replication in human testis explants was evidenced by measuring the release of infectious viral particles in plaque-forming assay and viral RNA in RT-qPCR, as well as by in situ detection of replicative viral RNA in testicular cells all along the 10-day culture period. Infected cells were characterized by microscopy using specific cell markers and a probe against viral RNA. The innate immune response was assessed using RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization, and LegendPlex. Testosterone and its precursors were measured in the supernatants of MuV and mock-infected explants by mass spectrometry, while inhibin B was measured by ELISA. The impact of MuV infection on testis tissue and cells was further explored by lactate dehydrogenase viability assay, RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MuV robustly replicated in human testicular explants all along the 10-day culture, progressing from the interstitial tissue, where it infected Leydig cells, macrophages, and peritubular cells, to the seminiferous tubules, where it targeted Sertoli cells. Unlike Zika virus, another testis-tropic virus, MuV triggered a pro-inflammatory response within 4\u2009h in exposed human testis explants, characterized by transcriptional upregulation of interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) in sentinel cells. This was followed by the tissue release of inflammatory mediators (P\u2009=\u20090.02 for IL1B at 72\u2009h and Day 7) and the dynamic regulation of interleukin 10 (IL10) upon viral replication. MuV replication inhibited testosterone production from Day 7 onwards (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.03) by disrupting the steroidogenic activity of Leydig cells at the level of cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 (CYP17A1) and decreased inhibin B secretion from Sertoli cells from Day 4 onwards (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.03), which exhibited features of pyroptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LARGE SCALE DATA<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This ex vivo study, which demonstrates the direct impact of MuV replication in the human testis, does not assess the additional role of infiltrating peripheral immune cells in testicular lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that MuV infection of the human testis elicits a distinct early innate immune response in contrast to Zika virus, known for its silent persistence. This difference offers a potential explanation for the development of MuV-induced testis inflammation. Furthermore, our study provides evidence that MuV directly disrupts crucial testicular functions in the absence of leukocytic infiltrates. These data advance our understanding of the early events of MuV pathogenesis in the testis and provide a basis for further investigation into the mechanisms of orchitis versus silent infection. The ex vivo model of MuV-infected human testis developed in this study will serve as a valuable tool for evaluating antiviral strategies aimed at preserving testicular function in MuV-infected men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was supported by grants from the French National Research Agency (grant number ANR-21-CE15-0021-01) and from the Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (FRM EQU202203014611), as well as by Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale and the University of Rennes. The authors have no competing interests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaf155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T11:53:59Z","timestamp":1753271639000},"page":"2231-2246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mumps virus infection triggers early pro-inflammatory responses and impairs Leydig and Sertoli cell function in an\n                    <i>ex vivo<\/i>\n                    human testis model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Franklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes\u2014UMR_S1085 , Rennes,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ohiniba-Nad\u00e8ge","family":"Kuassivi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes\u2014UMR_S1085 , Rennes,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Pascale","family":"Satie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes\u2014UMR_S1085 , Rennes,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Abiven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes\u2014UMR_S1085 , Rennes,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6866-7827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes , Rennes,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoufel","family":"Miaadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Avranches-Granville , Avranches,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2539-0087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Plotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine de la Reproduction, H\u00f4pital Femme M\u00e8re Enfant, HCL , Bron,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Le Tortorec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes\u2014UMR_S1085 , Rennes,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1788-2690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Dejucq-Rainsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes\u2014UMR_S1085 , Rennes,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.11.003","article-title":"A review of mechanistic studies on aromatase (CYP19) and 17\u03b1-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase (CYP17)","volume":"125","author":"Akhtar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5","article-title":"QuPath: open source software for digital pathology image analysis","volume":"7","author":"Bankhead","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/118.4.411","article-title":"Growth of mumps virus in organ cultures of rhesus testis","volume":"118","author":"Bigazzi","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1973.5.issue-1.02","article-title":"Mumps virus recovered from testicles by fine-needle aspiration biopsy in cases of mumps orchitis","volume":"5","author":"Bjorvatn","year":"1973","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B5","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-022-00589-y","article-title":"Is SARS-CoV-2-induced testicular damage in hamsters relevant?","volume":"19","author":"Dejucq-Rainsford","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4925","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.11.7588226","article-title":"Interferon-alpha and -gamma expression in the rat testis","volume":"136","author":"Dejucq","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.7.6083","article-title":"Expression of interferons-alpha and gamma in testicular interstitial tissue and spermatogonia of the rat","volume":"139","author":"Dejucq","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1011409","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011409","article-title":"In vitro evidence against productive SARSCoV-2 infection of human testicular cells: bystander effects of infection mediate testicular injury","volume":"19","author":"Giannakopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.5.3297-3300.2003","article-title":"Mumps virus decreases testosterone production and gamma interferon-induced protein 10 secretion by human Leydig cells","volume":"77","author":"Le Goffic","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3110","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1210745","article-title":"Mumps virus pathogenesis: insights and knowledge gaps","volume":"12","author":"Gouma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunother"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.111080","article-title":"The adiponectin agonist, AdipoRon, inhibits steroidogenesis and cell proliferation in human luteinized granulosa cells","volume":"520","author":"Grandhaye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1995.1173","article-title":"The role of cytochrome b5 in the biosynthesis of androgens by human P450c17","volume":"317","author":"Katagiri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E715","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715035115","article-title":"Ibuprofen alters human testicular physiology to produce a state of compensated hypogonadism","volume":"115","author":"Kristensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909341","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.909341","article-title":"Human testicular germ cells, a reservoir for Zika virus, lack antiviral response upon Zika or poly(I:C) exposure","volume":"13","author":"Kuassivi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B16","first-page":"65","article-title":"Pyroptosis in antiviral immunity","volume":"442","author":"Kuriakose","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0035923","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00359-23","article-title":"Evaluation of the interactions between mumps virus and guinea pig","volume":"97","author":"Lang Balija","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3080901","article-title":"Modulation of the activity of human 17\u03b1-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase (CYP17) by cytochrome b5: endocrinological and mechanistic implications","volume":"308","author":"Lee-Robichaud","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0110423","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01104-23","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the human testis with slow kinetics and has no major deleterious effects ex vivo","volume":"97","author":"Mah\u00e9","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4697","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI121735","article-title":"Zika virus infects human testicular tissue and germ cells","volume":"128","author":"Matusali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28970","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28970","article-title":"Acute orchitis deciphered: Coxsackievirus B strains are the main etiology and their presence in semen is associated with acute inflammation and risk of persistent oligozoospermia","volume":"95","author":"Pilatz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060191","article-title":"Susceptibility of human testis to human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in situ and in vitro","volume":"169","author":"Roulet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23280","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.229120","article-title":"Excess type I interferon signaling in the mouse seminiferous tubules leads to germ cell loss and sterility","volume":"286","author":"Satie","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01776","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01776-17","article-title":"Inflammasome antagonism by human parainfluenza virus type 3 C protein","volume":"92","author":"Shil","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00623","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00623-17","article-title":"Zika virus infects human Sertoli cells and modulates the integrity of the in vitro blood-testis barrier model","volume":"91","author":"Siemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200223666220401093833","article-title":"Insights into interactions of human cytochrome P450 17A1: a review","volume":"23","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.07.044","article-title":"Characteristics of reported mumps cases in the United States: 2018\u20132023","volume":"42","author":"Tappe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den207","article-title":"Antiviral responses of human Leydig cells to mumps virus infection or poly I:C stimulation","volume":"23","author":"Le Tortorec","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00021.2019","article-title":"From ancient to emerging infections: the odyssey of viruses in the male genital tract","volume":"100","author":"Le Tortorec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6385","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.11.6385-6393.2003","article-title":"STAT3 ubiquitylation and degradation by mumps virus suppress cytokine and oncogene signaling","volume":"77","author":"Ulane","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01292","article-title":"Roles of sialic acid, AXL, and MER receptor tyrosine kinases in mumps virus infection of mouse Sertoli and Leydig cells","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12528","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901089R","article-title":"Mumps virus infection disrupts blood-testis barrier through the induction of TNF-\u03b1 in Sertoli cells","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19507","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19507","article-title":"Mumps virus-induced innate immune responses in mouse Sertoli and Leydig cells","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582946","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.582946","article-title":"Mumps orchitis: clinical aspects and mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00117","article-title":"Mouse testicular cell type-specific antiviral response against mumps virus replication","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8158","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01028-13","article-title":"Infection of mice, ferrets, and rhesus macaques with a clinical mumps virus isolate","volume":"87","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06019-11","article-title":"The V protein of mumps virus plays a critical role in pathogenesis","volume":"86","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025120400524588000_deaf155-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-134","article-title":"Primer-BLAST: a tool to design target-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/40\/12\/2231\/64233545\/deaf155.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/40\/12\/2231\/64233545\/deaf155.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T05:52:55Z","timestamp":1764827575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/40\/12\/2231\/8250267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deaf155","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]}}}