{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T07:06:24Z","timestamp":1764831984823,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dnr 2023-02035","2024-03487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dnr 2023-02035","2024-03487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001424","name":"ALF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALFGBG-1005108","ALFGBG-965535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-1005108","ALFGBG-965535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jane and Dan Olsson Foundation for Science","award":["2020-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-09"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017.0363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017.0363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>What are the outcomes regarding cognition, development, physical, and psychiatric status of children born after uterus transplantation (UTx) up to 6\u2009years after birth?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long-term and very long-term outcomes of children born after UTx indicate normal cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and physical development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous cohort studies of children born after UTx and followed up to 2\u20133\u2009years indicate normal neurodevelopment and occasional cases of minor malformations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study was performed on 11 offspring after UTx. All children (7 boys, 4 girls) were examined at age 2.5\u00a0years and eight children (5 boys, 3 girls) were examined at age 6\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cognitive evaluations, Bayley-III test and WPPSI-IV, were performed at age 2.5\u00a0years (n\u2009=\u200911) and age 6\u00a0years (n\u2009=\u20098), respectively. Parental questionnaires pertaining to neurodevelopmental and behavioural problems, including the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and the ESSENCE-Q, were administered. All children (age 2.5\u00a0years: n\u2009=\u200911; age: 6\u00a0years: n\u2009=\u20098) underwent physical examinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive skills showed results within the normal range at both age 2.5\u00a0years and age 6\u00a0years. According to the SDQ, emotional problems were the most common symptoms, affecting two children at age 2.5\u00a0years and two children at age 6\u00a0years. Three children scored above the cut off on the ESSENCE-Q at age 2.5\u00a0years, and one child continued to score \u2018high\u2019 at age 6\u00a0years. At the first examination, three children had asthma, and speech problems were observed in five children. Among those who were also assessed at age 6\u00a0years, these problems had abated. At age 6\u00a0years, one child was considered hyperactive, and another child exhibited vocal tics. Developmental and behavioural deviations were observed almost exclusively in the boys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limitations of the study include the small sample size, and the lack of a comparison group. The small sample does not offer enough statistical power, and no firm conclusions can therefore be drawn based on the reported deviances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long-term and very long-term outcomes of children born after UTx indicated normal cognitive development. A minority had minor physical and developmental problems, including asthma and speech problems at age 2.5\u00a0years, but most of these symptoms subsided by age 6\u00a0years. Boys seemed to be over-represented regarding developmental and behavioural deviations. The small sample size limits the ability to generalize the findings to all children born after UTx.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was supported by The Swedish research council (Grant\/Award Numbers: Dnr 2023-02035 (H.H.), 2024-03487 (M.B.)), the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish Government and the country councils, the ALF-agreement, grant\/Award-Numbers: ALFGBG-1005108 (H.H.), ALFGBG-965535 (M.B.), Jane and Dan Olsson Foundation for Science (2020-09 (M.B.)), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (2017.0363 (M.B.)). There are no conflicts of interest for any of the authors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT01844362, NCT02987023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaf178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T11:52:15Z","timestamp":1755690735000},"page":"2419-2429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Uterus transplantation; first data on neurologic, neuropsychiatric, and physical examination follow-up of children up to 6\u00a0years of age"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1264-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E","family":"Wentz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6588-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B","family":"Hagberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3962-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H","family":"Hagberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8980-4730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H","family":"Bokstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6081-9101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Stockholm IVF-EUGIN , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013","author":"APA","key":"2025120400514938000_deaf178-B1"},{"volume-title":"The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (3rd edition). 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