{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:46:46Z","timestamp":1791589606038,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Can multiple automated systems sequentially perform Day 0 IVF procedures: (i) sperm preparation, (ii) cumulus\u2013oocyte complex (COC) retrieval and oocyte denudation, and (iii) ICSI?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Automated sequential Day 0 procedures achieved fertilization in 64.3% of injected oocytes and 42.2% usable blastocyst formation in 11 cases, resulting in five healthy live births from nine patients with positive pregnancy tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Day 0 procedures\u2014sperm preparation, oocyte handling (e.g. finding and denudation), and ICSI\u2014rely on embryologist skill. Automation in IVF laboratories has the potential to improve reproducibility, yet its implementation remains limited. Fully automated pipetting workflows replicating embryologist activities have not yet been achieved, though partial automation of key steps such as dish preparation and ICSI has been reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proof-of-concept pilot study with prospective allocation of sibling oocytes to automated or manual protocols. Here, we report on Day 0 automation in 11 cases using two or three automated systems (nicknamed \u2018pearls\u2019) in sequence. Single vitrified\/warmed blastocyst transfers occurred between April and October 2024. This work was part of a larger research programme evaluating automation across multiple IVF laboratory procedures from gamete handling through blastocyst transfer and specifically demonstrates sequential automation across multiple Day 0 procedures within a single workflow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven consenting patients (three autologous, eight donor egg cycles) underwent IVF\/ICSI following minimal or mild stimulation. The gametes were processed using either automated or manual protocols. The automated systems\u2014Pearl 1 (sperm preparation), Pearl 2 (COC retrieval and oocyte denudation), and Pearl 3 (sperm selection, laser immobilization, and piezo-ICSI)\u2014were used in various combinations. Multiple AIs were developed and deployed across these systems. This IRB-approved study was conducted at Hope IVF, Guadalajara, M\u00e9xico.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The automated systems achieved 64.3% fertilization (45\/70) and 42.2% usable blastocyst formation per zygote (19\/45), compared to 81% (47\/58) and 59.6% (28\/47) with manual procedures. Transfers from the automated arm resulted in five live births, three biochemical pregnancies, and one early loss at 7\u2009weeks. The live birth rate per transfer of a single warmed blastocyst in the automated arm was 5\/12 (41.7%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The small sample size prevented statistical comparison between automated and manual procedures. Some steps required operator support via direct intervention or digital control. Autonomy (defined as automated execution without human intervention) was achieved only in sperm preparation and selected ICSI tasks. A larger study using an updated system is underway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the feasibility of automating Day 0 IVF procedures, with the potential to improve standardization and reduce protocol drift, fatigue, and operator variability. Our findings support a phased integration of automation to meet growing ART demands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was sponsored by Conceivable Life Sciences. A.C.-B. is an employee, shareholder, and company officer at Conceivable Life Sciences and also holds shares in IVF 2.0. G.M.-R. is a stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences and has received consulting fees from both Conceivable Life Sciences and IVF 2.0. A.F.-S.F. is an employee and stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences. N.C.-B. is a stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences and has received consulting fees from the company, and he is also an employee, shareholder, and company officer at Embryotools. A.M. is a shareholder and company officer at Conceivable Life Sciences and holds shares in TMRW Life Sciences. M.A. is a stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences and has received consulting fees and travel support from the company; she has also received consulting fees from TMRW Life Sciences. G.S. is an employee and stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences and has received consulting fees from IVF 2.0. C.M. is an employee and stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences. E.H.-M. is an employee and stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences. R.V.-M. is an employee and stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences and has received consulting fees from IVF 2.0. V.M. is an employee and stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences. E.M. is an employee of Embryotools. A.V.A. has no conflicts of interest to declare. V.O.-H. is an employee and stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences and has received consulting fees from IVF 2.0. F.A.-G. is an employee and stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences. A.\u00c1.L. is an employee and stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences. M.A. is an employee of Embryotools. Q.M.-A. is an employee of Embryotools. J.G.E.F. is an employee and stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences. L.M.C.O. has no conflicts of interest to declare. C.P.B. is an employee and stock option holder at Conceivable Life Sciences. D.J.S.-G. has no conflicts of interest to declare. J.C. is an employee, shareholder, stock option holder, and company officer at Conceivable Life Sciences and holds shares in IVF 2.0, Althea Science, TMRW Life Sciences, Kindbody, and Reproductive Healthcare. Furthermore, A.C.-B., G.M.-R., A.F.-S.F., A.M., A.\u00c1.L., and J.C. declare inventorship on US patent 12,349,940 B2 protecting automated oocyte denudation. A.C.-B., G.M.-R., A.F.-S.F., C.M., R.V.-M., V.O.-H., E.H.-M., V.M., A.M., and J.C. declare inventorship on US patent 12,245,793 B2 protecting robotic handling systems for IVF laboratories. A.C.-B., G.M.-R., A.F.-S.F., C.M., G.S., V.M., J.C., and A.M. declare inventorship on US patent 12,178,475 B1 protecting automated sperm preparation. A.C.-B., G.M.-R., A.M., and J.C. declare inventorship on US patent 12,180,441 B1 protecting laboratory workflow automation. A.C.-B., G.M.-R., A.F.-S.F., A.M., C.M., R.V.-M., V.O.-H., N.C.-B., A.\u00c1.L., and J.C. declare inventorship on US patent 12,268,418 B2 protecting automated oocyte preparation. A.C.-B., G.M.-R., R.V.-M., V.O.-H., N.C.-B., E.H.-M., A.M., J.C., and A.F.-S.F. declare inventorship on US patent 12,310,625 B2 protecting automated ICSI. A.C.-B., G.M.-R., A.F.-S.F., C.M., V.O.-H., and A.M. declare inventorship on US patent 12,253,516 B2 protecting optical systems for IVF automation. A.C.-B., G.M.-R., A.M., J.C., A.F.-S.F., C.M., R.V.-M., V.O.-H., G.S., N.C.-B., and J.G.E.F. declare inventorship on US patent 12,226,125 B2 protecting automated vitrification. A.C.-B., G.M.-R., C.M., R.V.-M., V.O.-H., N.C.-B., V.M., and J.C. declare inventorship on US patent US 12,478,405 B2 protecting automated dish-based sperm preparation. A.C.-B., G.M.-R., C.M., N.C.-B., M.A., A.M., and J.C. declare inventorship on a pending patent application protecting automated dish preparation technology. A.C.-B., G.M.-R., N.C.-B., and J.C. declare inventorship on a pending patent application protecting automated oocyte denudation. N.C.-B., J.C., A.M., E.H.-M., and A.C.-B. declare inventorship on a pending patent application protecting automated vitrification systems. A.C.-B., G.M.-R., V.O.-H., and J.C. declare inventorship on a pending patent application protecting COC detection technology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT06074835 (ClinicalTrials.gov, 4 October 2023).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaf240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T13:19:17Z","timestamp":1764767957000},"page":"214-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Automated oocyte retrieval, denudation, sperm preparation, and ICSI in the IVF laboratory: a proof-of-concept study and report of the first live births"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Chavez-Badiola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Hope IVF M\u00e9xico , Guadalajara, Jalisco,","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Mendizabal-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Departamento de Bioingenier\u00eda Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, Jalisco,","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Flores-Saiffe Far\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2073-7515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N","family":"Costa-Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embryotools , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Alikani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5496-2470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Millan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3903-0719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Valencia-Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6140-6416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E","family":"Mestres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embryotools , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Valadez Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hope IVF M\u00e9xico , Guadalajara, Jalisco,","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Ocegueda-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Acosta-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"\u00c1lvarez L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Acacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embryotools , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q","family":"Matia-Algu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embryotools , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J G","family":"Espinoza Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L M","family":"Campos Olmedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hope IVF M\u00e9xico , Guadalajara, Jalisco,","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C P","family":"Barragan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hope IVF M\u00e9xico , Guadalajara, Jalisco,","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-1489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conceivable Life Sciences , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2024.103995","article-title":"Clinical validation and experiences of the microfluidics sperm preparation device ZyMot\u2122","volume":"48","author":"Adolfsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13440","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13440","article-title":"Automation of human semen analysis using a novel artificial intelligence optical microscopic technology","volume":"51","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.104854","article-title":"Shaping the future of the IVF laboratory: standardization for more predictable outcomes","volume":"50","author":"Alikani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1246","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of contemporary assisted reproduction technology laboratory operations to determine staffing levels that promote patient safety and quality care","volume":"102","author":"Alikani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00642-8","article-title":"A fast and safe technique for sperm preparation in ICSI treatments within a randomized controlled trial (RCT)","volume":"18","author":"Baldini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03621-x","article-title":"IVF versus ICSI in patients without severe male factor infertility: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Berntsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2005.tb01080.x","article-title":"Contamination by seminal plasma factors during sperm selection","volume":"26","author":"Bj\u00f6rndahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.07.003","article-title":"Embryo Ranking Intelligent Classification Algorithm (ERICA): artificial intelligence clinical assistant predicting embryo ploidy and implantation","volume":"41","author":"Chavez-Badiola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.08.077","article-title":"Laser immobilization of spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): an exploratory and safety study in the mouse model","volume":"122","author":"Costa-Borges","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaf069","article-title":"Preclinical validation of fast oocyte vitrification and warming protocols with comparable efficiencies to a standard method","volume":"40","author":"Costa-Borges","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2023.05.009","article-title":"First babies conceived with Automated Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection","volume":"47","author":"Costa-Borges","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-017-1024-1","article-title":"Positive rheotaxis extended drop: a one-step procedure to select and recover sperm with mature chromatin for intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"34","author":"De Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.06.015","article-title":"The Vienna consensus: report of an expert meeting on the development of ART laboratory performance indicators","volume":"35","author":"ESHRE Special Interest Group of Embryology and Alpha Scientists in Reproductive Medicine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.03.046","article-title":"Moving innovation to practice: an Ethics Committee opinion","volume":"116","author":"Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dead093","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead093.585","article-title":"P-227 ICSI outcomes after using in-situ microfluidics of fluidic walls versus DGC: a prospective non-inferiority comparative pilot study in sibling oocytes","volume":"38","author":"Ferrer Buitrago","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2024.104500","article-title":"Risk factors for mismatches in the ART laboratory: an analysis of 73,719 electronic witnessing points","volume":"50","author":"Forbrig","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12324","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of piezo-intracytoplasmic sperm injection on the laboratory, clinical, and neonatal outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Fujii","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-199906000-00013","article-title":"Culture and transfer of human blastocysts","volume":"11","author":"Gardner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2008.00920.x","article-title":"Approaching risk analysis and risk management in the fertility laboratory and semen bank","volume":"32","author":"Janssens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.149","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in the in vitro fertilization laboratory: a review of advancements over the last decade","volume":"120","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B484857912","first-page":"495","article-title":"Terminology for pregnancy loss prior to viability: a consensus statement from the ESHRE early pregnancy special interest group","volume-title":"Hum Reprod","author":"Kolte","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.016","article-title":"Development and validation of an automated robotic system for preparation of embryo culture dishes","volume":"122","author":"Lattin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2146781","article-title":"Robotic ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)","volume":"58","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.03.036","article-title":"Computer software (SiD) assisted real-time single sperm selection associated with fertilization and blastocyst formation","volume":"45","author":"Mendizabal-Ruiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.104943","article-title":"A digitally controlled, remotely operated ICSI system: case report of the first live birth","volume":"50","author":"Mendizabal-Ruiz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26297","article-title":"Ethical and regulatory challenges of AI technologies in healthcare: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Mennella","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.07.397","article-title":"Development and preliminary testing of a fully automated semen preparation robot","volume":"122","author":"Millan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.10.050","article-title":"Use of a medium buffered with N-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-ethanesulfonate (HEPES) in intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedures is detrimental to the outcome of in vitro fertlization","volume":"85","author":"Morgia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43981-2","article-title":"Sperm selection with density gradient centrifugation and swim up: effect on DNA fragmentation in viable spermatozoa","volume":"9","author":"Muratori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05515-x","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection versus conventional in vitro insemination in couples with non-male infertility factor in the \u2018real-world\u2019setting: analysis of the HFEA registry","volume":"22","author":"Paffoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.104990","article-title":"Can AI-guided feedback improve embryologists\u2019 selection of euploid embryos based on morphology alone?","volume":"51","author":"Palmer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.11.013","article-title":"Prevention of moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a guideline","volume":"121","author":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det463","article-title":"Beyond the dichotomy: a tool for distinguishing between experimental, innovative and established treatment","volume":"29","author":"Provoost","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6828-2_20","volume-title":"Cryopreservation of Mammalian Gametes and Embryos: Methods and Protocols","author":"Roy","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dead093","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead093.426","article-title":"P-061 In situ microfluidics of fluidic walls: a novel deviceless and cost-effective approach for sperm selection in the same ICSI-dish","volume":"38","author":"Ruiz-Jorro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey320","article-title":"Types and frequency of non-conformances in an IVF laboratory","volume":"33","author":"Sakkas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.03.008","article-title":"Evaluation of fertilization, usable blastocyst development and sustained implantation rates according to intracytoplasmic sperm injection operator experience","volume":"41","author":"Tiegs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-023-02792-1","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory key performance indicators in IVF: a consensus between the Italian Society of Fertility and Sterility and Reproductive Medicine (SIFES-MR) and the Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR)","volume":"40","author":"Vaiarelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac121","article-title":"Recalculating the staff required to run a modern assisted reproductive technology laboratory","volume":"37","author":"Veiga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02416-9","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection versus conventional in-vitro fertilisation for couples with infertility with non-severe male factor: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"403","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaam8638","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aam8638","article-title":"Medical robotics\u2014regulatory, ethical, and legal considerations for increasing levels of autonomy","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science Robotics"},{"key":"2026020300513995200_deaf240-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.01.028","article-title":"Improved fertilization, degeneration, and embryo quality rates with PIEZO\u2013intracytoplasmic sperm injection compared with conventional intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a sibling oocyte split multicenter trial","volume":"121","author":"Zander-Fox","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/41\/2\/214\/66134532\/deaf240.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/41\/2\/214\/66134532\/deaf240.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T05:51:54Z","timestamp":1770097914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/41\/2\/214\/8405514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deaf240","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]}}}