{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:11:33Z","timestamp":1792174293733,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microplastics (MPs), conventionally defined as plastic particles 1\u2009\u03bcm\u20135\u2009mm in size, are ubiquitous contaminants, infiltrating both our environment and our bodies. These particles, either manufactured at this scale or formed from the breakdown of larger plastics, possess diverse characteristics that allow them to absorb and release toxic substances, form biofilms, and abrade and inflame tissues. In humans, MPs have been detected in testes, semen, ovarian follicular fluid, placental tissue, and other locations in the reproductive system. Recent studies suggest that MPs may disrupt male and female reproduction through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and endocrine disruption. Over the past 5 years, there has been increasing excitement about MPs research and a burgeoning literature in this area. Despite this growing body of evidence, the full spectrum of MP-associated reproductive toxicity in humans remains poorly understood, with limited research on effects at environmentally relevant exposure levels and in the general population, and a poor understanding of the specific toxicity of different polymer types, sizes, and shapes. As the literature rapidly expands, it is important to take note of current constraints and how research in this field may be optimized for quality. This review summarizes current knowledge about MPs and their reproductive toxicity, highlights emerging research areas, and identifies key challenges and needs for future research on this class of contaminant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deag069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T11:48:50Z","timestamp":1775735330000},"page":"1040-1049","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Microplastics and reproductive health: implications for human health and areas for future research"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9384-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Hyman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6512-6160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda G","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney","family":"Cowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070609574822400_deag069-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.6348","article-title":"Methods and challenges in the detection of microplastics and nanoplastics: a mini-review","volume":"71","author":"Adhikari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym Int"},{"key":"2026070609574822400_deag069-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-016-0929-4","article-title":"Endometrial polyps and subfertility","volume":"67","author":"Al Chami","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India"},{"key":"2026070609574822400_deag069-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108932","article-title":"The effects of exposure to microplastics on female reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Ali-Hassanzadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2026070609574822400_deag069-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120174","article-title":"Placental plastics in young women from general population correlate with reduced foetal growth in IUGR pregnancies","volume":"314","author":"Amereh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2026070609574822400_deag069-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2023.105070","article-title":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: an analytical technique for microplastic identification and quantification","volume":"136","author":"Andoh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infrared Phys Technol"},{"key":"2026070609574822400_deag069-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000578","article-title":"The role of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in uterine fibroid pathogenesis","volume":"27","author":"Bariani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"2026070609574822400_deag069-B7","first-page":"e12004","article-title":"Oral concurrent session 1\u2014equity, public health, and policy: elevated micro- and nanoplastics detected in preterm human placentae","volume":"1","author":"Barrozo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pregnancy"},{"key":"2026070609574822400_deag069-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2025.344606","article-title":"Identification of micro-\/nanoplastics in human placental blood using comprehensive multidimensional pyrolysis\u2014gas chromatography x ion mobility mass spectrometry","volume":"1376","author":"Bissonnette","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"2026070609574822400_deag069-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13070921","article-title":"Detection of microplastic in human placenta and meconium in a clinical setting","volume":"13","author":"Braun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026070609574822400_deag069-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12166","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212166","article-title":"Can mammalian reproductive health withstand massive exposure to polystyrene micro- and nanoplastic derivatives? 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