{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:38:26Z","timestamp":1787726306346,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,9]],"date-time":"2004-07-09T00:20:09Z","timestamp":1089332409000},"page":"2350-2355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Uterine leiomyoma and menstrual cycle characteristics in a population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"J.L.","family":"Marino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Eskenazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Samuels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Vercellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Gavoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Olive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akkad AA, Habiba MA, Ismail N, Abrams K and al-Azzawi F (1995) Abnormal uterine bleeding on hormone replacement: the importance of intrauterine structural abnormalities. Obstet Gynecol86, 330\u2013334.","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00172-N"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baird DD, Dunson DB, Hill MC, Cousins D and Schectman JM (2003) High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol188, 100\u2013107.","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.99"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borgfeldt C and Andolf E (2000) Transvaginal ultrasonographic findings in the uterus and the endometrium: low prevalence of leiomyoma in a random sample of women age 25\u201340 years. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand79, 202\u2013207.","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1600-0412.2000.079003202.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R4","unstructured":"Buttram VC, Jr. (1986) Uterine leiomyoma\u2014aetiology, symptomatology and management. Prog Clin Biol Res225, 275\u2013296."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen CR, Buck GM, Courey NG, Perez KM and Wactawski-Wende J (2001) Risk factors for uterine fibroids among women undergoing tubal sterilization. Am J Epidemiol153, 20\u201326.","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.1.20"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R6","unstructured":"Chryssikopoulos A and Loghis C (1986) Indications and results of total hysterectomy. Int Surg71, 188\u2013194."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R7","unstructured":"Clevenger-Hoeft M, Syrop C, Stovall D and Van Voorhis B (1999) Sonohysterography in premenopausal women with and without abnormal bleeding. Obstet Gynecol94, 516\u2013520."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R9","unstructured":"Cramer SF, Horiszny JA and Leppert P (1995) Epidemiology of uterine leiomyomata. With an etiologic hypothesis. J Reprod Med40, 595\u2013600."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eskenazi B, Mocarelli P, Warner M, Samuels S, Vercellini P, Olive D, Needham L, Patterson D and Brambilla P (2000) Seveso Women's Health Study: a study on the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on reproductive health. Chemosphere40, 1247\u20131253.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00376-8"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faerstein E, Szklo M and Rosenshein N (2001) Risk factors for uterine leiomyoma: a practice-based case-control study. I. African-American heritage, reproductive history, body size and smoking. Am J Epidemiol1, 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.1.1"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R12","unstructured":"Farquhar CM and Steiner CA (2002) Hysterectomy rates in the United States 1990-1997. Obstet Gynecol99, 229\u2013234."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R13","unstructured":"Graves WP (1933) Uterine myomata (fibroids). In Curtis, A.H. (ed.) Obstetrics and Gynecology.WB Saunders, Philadelphia, Vol. II, pp. 745\u2013832."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hickey M and Fraser IS (2000) Clinical implications of disturbances of uterine vascular morphology and function. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol14, 937\u2013951.","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0136"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R15","unstructured":"Huber P (1967) The behavior of maximum likelihood estimates under non-standard conditions. In Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Vol. 1. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, pp. 221\u2013233."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitawaki J, Obayashi H, Ishihara H, Koshiba H, Kusuki I, Kado N, Tsukamoto K, Hasegawa G, Nakamura N and Honjo H (2001) Oestrogen receptor-alpha gene polymorphism is associated with endometriosis, adenomyosis, and leiomyoma. Hum Reprod16, 51\u201355.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.1.51"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R17","unstructured":"Kjerulff KH, Langenberg P, Seidman JD, Stolley PD and Guzinski GM (1996) Uterine leiomyomata. Racial differences in severity, symptoms and age at diagnosis. J Reprod Med41, 483\u2013490."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koutsilieris M (1992) Pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomata. Biochem Cell Biol70, 273\u2013278.","DOI":"10.1139\/o92-043"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R19","unstructured":"Lepine LA, Hillis SD, Marchbanks PA, Koonin LM, Morrow B, Kieke BA and Wilcox LS (1997) Hysterectomy surveillance\u2014United States, 1980\u20131993. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. CDC Surveillance Summaries46, 1\u201315."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippman S, Warner M, Samuels S, Olive D, Vercellini P and Eskenazi B (2003) Uterine fibroids and gynecologic pain symptoms in a population-based study. Fertil Steril80, 1488\u20131494.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)02207-6"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lumsden MA and Wallace EM (1998) Clinical presentation of uterine fibroids. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol12, 177\u2013195.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3552(98)80060-6"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luoto R, Kaprio J, Keskimaki I, Pohjanlahti JP and Rutanen EM (1994) Incidence, causes and surgical methods for hysterectomy in Finland, 1987\u20131989. Int J Epidemiol23, 348\u2013358.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.2.348"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robboy SJ, Bentley RC, Butnor K and Anderson MC (2000) Pathology and pathophysiology of uterine smooth-muscle tumors. Environ Health Perspect108, 779\u2013784.","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s5779"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R25","unstructured":"Roth TM, Gustilo-Ashby T, Barber MD and Myers ER (2003) Effects of race and clinical factors on short-term outcomes of abdominal myomectomy. Obstet Gynecol101, 881\u2013884."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samadi AR, Lee NC, Flanders WD, Boring JR, 3rd and Parris EB (1996) Risk factors for self-reported uterine fibroids: a case-control study. Am J Public Health86, 858\u2013862.","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.6.858"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato F, Miyake H, Nishi M, Mori M and Kudo R (2000) Early normal menstrual cycle pattern and the development of uterine leiomyomata. J Womens Health Gend Based Med9, 299\u2013302.","DOI":"10.1089\/152460900318489"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato F, Mori M, Nishi M, Kudo R and Miyake H (2002) Familial aggregation of uterine myomas in Japanese women. J Epidemiol12, 249\u2013253.","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.12.249"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz LB, Rutkowski N, Horan C, Nachtigall LE, Snyder J and Goldstein SR (1998) Use of transvaginal ultrasonography to monitor the effects of tamoxifen on uterine leiomyoma size and ovarian cyst formation. J Ultrasound Med17, 699\u2013703.","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1998.17.11.699"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz SM (2001) Epidemiology of uterine leiomyoma. Clin Obstet Gynecol44, 316\u2013326.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200106000-00018"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treloar SA, Do KA, O'Connor VM, O'Connor DT, Yeo MA and Martin NG (1999) Predictors of hysterectomy: an Australian study. Am J Obstet Gynecol180, 945\u2013954.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70666-6"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velebil P, Wingo PA, Xia Z, Wilcox LS and Peterson HB (1995) Rate of hospitalization for gynecologic disorders among reproductive-age women in the United States. Obstet Gynecol86, 764\u2013769.","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00252-M"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vollenhoven B (1998) Introduction: the epidemiology of uterine leiomyomata. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol12, 169\u2013176.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3552(98)80059-X"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R35","unstructured":"Wegienka G, Baird DD, Hertz-Picciotto I, Harlow SD, Steege JF, Hill MC, Schectman JM and Hartmann KE (2003) Self-reported heavy bleeding associated with uterine leiomyoma. Obstet Gynecol101, 431\u2013437."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171012083733_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West CP and Lumsden MA (1989) Fibroids and menorrhagia. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol3, 357\u2013374.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3552(89)80027-6"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/19\/10\/2350\/1586271\/deh407.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T12:52:13Z","timestamp":1507812733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/19\/10\/2350\/588954\/Uterine-leiomyoma-and-menstrual-cycle"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deh407","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2350","0268-1161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]}}}