{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:55:31Z","timestamp":1790416531094,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"competitive supplement","award":["P51 OD011106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51 OD011106"]}]},{"name":"competitive supplement","award":["P50 HD028934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 HD028934"]}]},{"name":"competitive supplement","award":["P50 HD044405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 HD044405"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T08:57:34Z","timestamp":1487149054000},"page":"923-936","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Clustering of PCOS-like traits in naturally hyperandrogenic female rhesus monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"D.H.","family":"Abbott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.H.","family":"Rayome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.A.","family":"Dumesic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.C.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OpAns, LLC, Durham, NC 27713, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.K.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Wallen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.E.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.E.","family":"Appt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.E.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42372","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042372","article-title":"Early-to-mid gestation fetal testosterone increases right hand 2D:4D finger length ratio in polycystic ovary syndrome-like monkeys","volume":"7","author":"Abbott","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(98)00019-8","article-title":"Insights into the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from studies of prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys","volume":"9","author":"Abbott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1740001","article-title":"Developmental origin of polycystic ovary syndrome\u2014a hypothesis","volume":"174","author":"Abbott","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi013","article-title":"Androgen excess fetal programming of female reproduction: a developmental aetiology for polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Abbott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.067702","article-title":"Endocrine antecedents of polycystic ovary syndrome in fetal and infant prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys","volume":"79","author":"Abbott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20679","article-title":"Fetal, infant, adolescent and adult phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys","volume":"71","author":"Abbott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Primatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.01.013","article-title":"Nonhuman primate models of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"373","author":"Abbott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5625","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160715133437","article-title":"Translational insight into polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from female monkeys with PCOS-like traits","volume":"22","author":"Abbott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-2006","article-title":"Developmental programming: exposure to testosterone excess disrupts steroidal and metabolic environment in pregnant sheep","volume":"156","author":"Abi Salloum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev131","article-title":"The phenotypic diversity in per-follicle anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone production in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Alebi\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1159\/000444054","article-title":"Hormonal eligibility criteria for \u2018includes females\u2019 competition: a practical but problematic solution","volume":"85","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.002","article-title":"Predicting factors for endometrial thickness during treatment with assisted reproductive technology","volume":"87","author":"Amir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C12","first-page":"380","article-title":"Experimental induction of reduced ovarian reserve in a nonhuman primate model (Macaca fascicularis)","volume":"60","author":"Appt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.45-4-512","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome with endometrial hyperplasia in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","volume":"45","author":"Arifin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C14","first-page":"55","article-title":"Characterization of ovarian aging and reproductive senescence in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus)","volume":"64","author":"Atkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.230","article-title":"PCOS in 2015: new insights into the genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Azziz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.09.032","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: an ancient disorder","volume":"95","author":"Azziz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.10.016","article-title":"Effect of bilateral oophorectomy on adrenocortical function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"99","author":"Azziz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16057","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.57","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Azziz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.10149","article-title":"Reproductive adaptations to a large-brained fetus open a vulnerability to anovulation similar to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Barnett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C20","first-page":"SAT 182","article-title":"Anogenital distance, a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure, is longer among newborn daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"37","author":"Barrett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0741","article-title":"Defining hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome: measurement of testosterone and androstenedione by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and analysis by receiver operator characteristic plots","volume":"162","author":"Barth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.01010.x","article-title":"PCOS, sexuality, and clitoral vascularisation: a pilot study","volume":"5","author":"Battaglia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20664","article-title":"Evaluation of antral follicle growth in the macaque ovary during the menstrual cycle and controlled ovarian stimulation by high-resolution ultrasonography","volume":"71","author":"Bishop","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Primatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2605.1999.00158.x","article-title":"Manipulation of postnatal testosterone levels affects phallic and clitoral development in infant rhesus monkeys","volume":"22","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.08.019","article-title":"Testosterone, free testosterone, and free androgen index in women: reference intervals, biological variation, and diagnostic value in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"450","author":"Bui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.007","article-title":"Neuroendocrine dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Burt Solorzano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1887","article-title":"Haplosufficient genomic androgen receptor signaling is adequate to protect female mice from induction of polycystic ovary syndrome features by prenatal hyperandrogenization","volume":"156","author":"Caldwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12557","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone: role of insulin resistance, androgens, obesity and gonadotrophins","volume":"81","author":"Cassar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00455-5","article-title":"Do hyperandrogenic women with normal menses have polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"71","author":"Carmina","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.03.008","article-title":"The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents","volume":"203","author":"Carmina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1159\/000381830","article-title":"Steroidogenic versus metabolic programming of reproductive neuroendocrine, ovarian and metabolic dysfunctions","volume":"102","author":"Cardoso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C32","first-page":"325","article-title":"Ultrasound and menstrual history in predicting endometrial hyperplasia in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Cheung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10055","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10055","article-title":"Novel role for anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone in the regulation of GnRH neuron excitability and hormone secretion","volume":"7","author":"Cimino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000125259.45025.4D","article-title":"Growth trajectory evident at birth affects age of first delivery in female monkeys","volume":"55","author":"Coe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0253","article-title":"The polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement from the European Society of Endocrinology","volume":"171","author":"Conway","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.01.001","article-title":"The polycystic ovary syndrome and recent human evolution","volume":"373","author":"Corbett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C37","first-page":"4179","article-title":"Resistance of gonadotropin releasing hormone drive to sex steroid-induced suppression in hyperandrogenic anovulation","volume":"82","author":"Daniels","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4057","article-title":"Clinical review: anogenital distance or digit length ratio as measures of fetal androgen exposure: relationship to male reproductive development and its disorders","volume":"98","author":"Dean","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02993-4","article-title":"Antim\u00fcllerian hormone serum levels: a putative marker for ovarian aging","volume":"77","author":"de Vet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der297","article-title":"Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): revisiting the threshold values of follicle count on ultrasound and of the serum AMH level for the definition of polycystic ovaries","volume":"26","author":"Dewailly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt061","article-title":"Definition and significance of polycystic ovarian morphology: a task force report from the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society","volume":"20","author":"Dewailly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw027","article-title":"Interactions between androgens, FSH, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone and estradiol during folliculogenesis in the human normal and polycystic ovary","volume":"22","author":"Dewailly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2013.04.004","article-title":"Cancer risk and PCOS","volume":"78","author":"Dumesic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81873-0","article-title":"Prenatal exposure of female rhesus monkeys to testosterone propionate increases serum luteinizing hormone levels in adulthood","volume":"67","author":"Dumesic","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8287","article-title":"Impaired developmental competence of oocytes in adult prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys undergoing gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization","volume":"87","author":"Dumesic","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-007-9046-0","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and its developmental origins","volume":"8","author":"Dumesic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep324","article-title":"Early prenatal androgenization results in diminished ovarian reserve in adult female rhesus monkeys","volume":"24","author":"Dumesic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1371087","article-title":"Intrauterine environment and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Dumesic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1018","article-title":"Scientific statement on the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and molecular genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Dumesic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3780","article-title":"Perspectives in polycystic ovary syndrome: from hair to eternity","volume":"101","author":"Dunaif","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C51","first-page":"4047","article-title":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome: evidence that flutamide restores sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone","volume":"85","author":"Eagleson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C52","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Timing of prenatal androgen excess determines differential impairment in insulin secretion and action in adult female rhesus monkeys","volume":"85","author":"Eisner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.42","article-title":"Increased adiposity in female rhesus monkeys exposed to androgen excess during early gestation","volume":"11","author":"Eisner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024","article-title":"Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","volume":"97","author":"Fauser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.016","article-title":"Evolutionary determinants of polycystic ovary syndrome: part 2","volume":"106","author":"Fessler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.12.013","article-title":"Neuroendocrine consequences of androgen excess in female rodents","volume":"53","author":"Foecking","year":"2008","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331307","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"333","author":"Franks","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3356(21)00138-2","article-title":"Ovulatory disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Franks","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0323","article-title":"Age as a determinant of reproductive success among captive female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"133","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3537","article-title":"Prevalence of hyperandrogenic states in late adolescent and young women: epidemiological survey on italian high-school students","volume":"98","author":"Gambineri","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.03.005","article-title":"Endometrium in PCOS: implantation and predisposition to endocrine CA","volume":"20","author":"Giudice","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4019","article-title":"Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia as a possible mechanism for hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Gourgari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C63","first-page":"193","article-title":"The effects of testosterone propionate administered before birth on the development of behavior in genetic female rhesus monkeys","volume":"15","author":"Goy","year":"1972","journal-title":"UCLA Forum Med Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(88)90058-X","article-title":"Behavioral masculinization is independent of genital masculinization in prenatally androgenized female rhesus macaques","volume":"22","author":"Goy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C65","first-page":"638","article-title":"Compartmental ovarian steroidogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Haney","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7502","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8502","article-title":"Genome-wide association of polycystic ovary syndrome implicates alterations in gonadotropin secretion in European ancestry populations","volume":"6","author":"Hayes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370213477974","article-title":"Increasing glucagon secretion could antagonize the action of exogenous insulin for glycemic control in streptozocin-induced diabetic rhesus monkeys","volume":"238","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.01.023","article-title":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome, insulin resistance and thickness of the endometrium","volume":"127","author":"Iatrakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmh010","article-title":"The follicular excess in polycystic ovaries, due to intra-ovarian hyperandrogenism, may be the main culprit for the follicular arrest","volume":"10","author":"Jonard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C200","first-page":"E540","article-title":"Dietary restriction increases insulin sensitivity and lowers blood glucose in rhesus monkeys","volume":"266","author":"Kemnitz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.5.980","article-title":"Fetal programming of body composition: relation between birth weight and body composition measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometric methods in older Englishmen","volume":"82","author":"Kensara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu142","article-title":"Biological variability in serum anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone throughout the menstrual cycle in ovulatory and sporadic anovulatory cycles in eumenorrheic women","volume":"29","author":"Kissell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2015.1036399","article-title":"Clitoral and labial sizes in women w\u0131th PCOS","volume":"36","author":"K\u00f6\u015f\u00fc\u015f","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2015.1034786","article-title":"Testosterone concentrations in female athletes and ballet dancers with menstrual disorders","volume":"16","author":"\u0141agowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030932","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone serum concentrations in normoovulatory and anovulatory women of reproductive age","volume":"89","author":"Laven","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1164","article-title":"Comparison between surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity\/resistance and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamps in rhesus monkeys","volume":"152","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C76","first-page":"615","article-title":"Developmental changes in mullerian inhibiting substance in the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis","volume":"78","author":"Lee","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14956","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14956","article-title":"Evidence for a genetic basis for hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Legro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5305","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1123","article-title":"Total testosterone assays in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: precision and correlation with hirsutism","volume":"95","author":"Legro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003","article-title":"Criteria, prevalence, and phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Lizneva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5588","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160720150625","article-title":"Adrenal hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Luque-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3059","article-title":"Effects of early experience on female behavioural and reproductive development in rhesus macaques","volume":"272","author":"Maestripieri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.01.016","article-title":"Ovarian theca cell","volume":"37","author":"Magoffin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1519","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400574111","article-title":"Overexpression of a DENND1A isoform produces a polycystic ovary syndrome theca phenotype","volume":"111","author":"McAllister","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-11-90","article-title":"Anogenital distance is related to ovarian follicular number in young Spanish women: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Mendiola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12627","article-title":"Longer anogenital distance is associated with higher testosterone levels in women: a cross-sectional study","volume":"121","author":"Mira-Escolano","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.09.026","article-title":"Anogenital distance of women in relation to their mother's gynaecological characteristics before or during pregnancy","volume":"28","author":"Mira-Escolano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12284","article-title":"Body imaging and sexual behavior in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Morotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C88","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2012"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.6.0311","article-title":"Augmented androgen production is a stable steroidogenic phenotype of propagated theca cells from polycystic ovaries","volume":"13","author":"Nelson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106527","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106527","article-title":"Abnormal infant islet morphology precedes insulin resistance in PCOS-like monkeys","volume":"9","author":"Nicol","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3399","article-title":"Hyperandrogenemia predicts metabolic phenotype in polycystic ovary syndrome: the utility of serum androstenedione","volume":"99","author":"O'Reilly","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7637","article-title":"Reproduction symposium: developmental programming of reproductive and metabolic health","volume":"92","author":"Padmanabhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4009","article-title":"Defining hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a challenging perspective","volume":"101","author":"Pasquali","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C94","first-page":"582","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: evidence for reduced sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone","volume":"83","author":"Pastor","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1582","article-title":"Granulosa cell production of anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone is increased in polycystic ovaries","volume":"92","author":"Pellatt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0415","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone and polycystic ovary syndrome: a mountain too high","volume":"139","author":"Pellatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.08.015","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone reduces follicle sensitivity to follicle-stimulating hormone in human granulosa cells","volume":"96","author":"Pellatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5957","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030727","article-title":"Elevated serum level of anti-mullerian hormone in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship to the ovarian follicle excess and to the follicular arrest","volume":"88","author":"Pigny","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev055","article-title":"Endometrial stromal fibroblasts from women with polycystic ovary syndrome have impaired progesterone-mediated decidualization, aberrant cytokine profiles and promote enhanced immune cell migration in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Piltonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1554653","article-title":"Relevance and clinical significance of serum resistin level in obese T2DM rhesus monkey models","volume":"123","author":"Qi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat093","article-title":"Spermatogonial SOHLH1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling associates with initiation of spermatogenesis in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"20","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod27.2.354","article-title":"The pubescent rhesus monkey: some characteristics of the menstrual cycle","volume":"27","author":"Resko","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod37.5.1185","article-title":"Treatment of pregnant rhesus macaques with testosterone propionate: observations on its fate in the fetus","volume":"37","author":"Resko","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1104","article-title":"The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"37","author":"Rosenfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"19","author":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.02.010","article-title":"Steroidogenic pathways involved in androgen biosynthesis in eumenorrheic women and patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"158","author":"Saito","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.12.056","article-title":"Specificity and predictive value of circulating testosterone assessed by tandem mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome by the National Institutes of Health 1990 criteria","volume":"101","author":"Salameh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719114561552","article-title":"Obesity and PCOS: the effect of metabolic derangements on endometrial receptivity at the time of implantation","volume":"22","author":"Schulte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590312331290298","article-title":"Treatment of atypical endometrial hyperplasia with an insulin-sensitizing agent","volume":"17","author":"Session","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3781","article-title":"Increased androgen, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone, and sporadic anovulation in healthy, eumenorrheic women: a mild PCOS-like phenotype","volume":"99","author":"Sjaarda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2013.05.003","article-title":"Environmental and social influences on neuroendocrine puberty and behavior in macaques and other nonhuman primates","volume":"64","author":"Stephens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5536","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0907","article-title":"Anti-m\u00fcllerian hormone protein expression is reduced during the initial stages of follicle development in human polycystic ovaries","volume":"90","author":"Stubbs","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.02.026","article-title":"Characterization of women with elevated antim\u00fcllerian hormone levels (AMH): correlation of AMH with polycystic ovarian syndrome phenotypes and assisted reproductive technology outcomes","volume":"211","author":"Tal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2807","article-title":"Implications of androgen assay accuracy in the phenotyping of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Tosi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2010.12.004","article-title":"Female sexual arousal: genital anatomy and orgasm in intercourse","volume":"59","author":"Wallen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000245","article-title":"Androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome: lessons from experimental models","volume":"23","author":"Walters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah015","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone expression pattern in the human ovary: potential implications for initial and cyclic follicle recruitment","volume":"10","author":"Weenen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7S","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308327412","article-title":"Physiology and endocrinology of the ovarian cycle in Macaques","volume":"36","author":"Weinbauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2724","article-title":"Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society","volume":"95","author":"Wild","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328162748_dex036C120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1159\/000375530","article-title":"The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome during adolescence","volume":"83","author":"Witchel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/32\/4\/923\/11022801\/dex036.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T04:55:42Z","timestamp":1658638542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/32\/4\/923\/3045874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dex036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]}}}