{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T08:59:51Z","timestamp":1785401991507,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Intramural Research Programs of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275200403394C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275200403394C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275201100002I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275201100002I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Task 1 HHSN27500001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Task 1 HHSN27500001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>How do the calciotropic hormones (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH)) vary across the menstrual cycle and do cyclic patterns of reproductive hormones (estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH) differ by vitamin D status?<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Calciotropic hormones vary minimally across the menstrual cycle; however, women with 25-hydroxyvitamin D below 30\u00a0ng\/ml have lower mean estradiol across the menstrual cycle.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prior human studies suggest that vitamin D status is associated with fecundability, but the mechanism is unknown. Exogenous estrogens and prolonged changes in endogenous estradiol (pregnancy or menopause) influence concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In vitro, treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D increases steroidogenesis in ovarian granulosa cells. There are little data about changes in calciotropic hormones across the menstrual cycle or cyclic patterns of reproductive hormones by categories of vitamin D status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective cohort study of 89 self-identified white women aged 18\u201344, across two menstrual cycles. Participants were a subset of the BioCycle Study, a community-based study conducted at the University of Buffalo, 2005\u20132007.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eligible participants had self-reported regular menstrual cycles between 21 and 35\u00a0days and were not using hormonal contraception or vitamins. Early morning fasting blood samples were drawn at up to eight study visits per cycle. Visits were timed to capture information in all cycle phases. Serum samples for 89 women (N\u00a0=\u2009163 menstrual cycles) were analyzed for estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Variability in calciotropic hormones within and across menstrual cycles was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and non-linear mixed models. Given the relative stability of the calciotropic hormones across the menstrual cycle, non-linear mixed models were used to examine differences in the cyclic patterns of estradiol, progesterone, LH and FSH by categories of each calciotropic hormone (split at the median). These models were conducted for all ovulatory cycles (N\u00a0=\u2009142 ovulatory menstrual cycles) and were adjusted for age, BMI (measured in clinic) and self-reported physical activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Median 25(OH)D concentration was 29.5\u00a0ng\/ml (SD 8.4), and only 6% of women had vitamin D deficiency (&amp;lt;20\u00a0ng\/ml). The mean concentration of 25(OH)D did not differ between the luteal and follicular phase; however, both 1,25(OH)2D and iPTH showed small fluctuations across the menstrual cycle with the highest 1,25(OH)2D (and lowest iPTH) in the luteal phase. Compared with women who had mean 25(OH)D \u226530\u00a0ng\/ml, women with lower 25(OH)D had 13.8% lower mean estradiol (95% confidence interval: \u221222.0, \u22124.7) and 10.8% lower free estradiol (95% CI: \u22120.07, \u22120.004). Additionally, compared to women with iPTH \u226436\u00a0pg\/ml, women with higher concentrations of iPTH had 12.7% lower mean estradiol (95% CI: \u221218.7, \u22126.3) and 7.3% lower progesterone (95% CI: \u221213.3, \u22120.9). No differences in the cyclic pattern of any of the reproductive hormones were observed comparing cycles with higher and lower 1,25(OH)2D.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women included in this study had self-reported \u2018regular\u2019 menstrual cycles and very few were found to have 25(OH)D deficiency. This limits our ability to examine cycle characteristics, anovulation and the effects of concentrations of the calciotropic hormones found in deficient individuals. Additionally, the results may not be generalizable to women with irregular cycles, other races, or populations with a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings support current clinical practice that does not time testing for vitamin D deficiency to the menstrual cycle phase. We find that women with lower vitamin D status (lower 25(OH)D or higher iPTH) have lower mean concentrations of estradiol across the menstrual cycle. Although this study cannot identify a mechanism of action, further in vitro work or clinical trials may help elucidate the biologic mechanisms linking calciotropic and reproductive hormones.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This work was supported by the Intramural Research Programs of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (contract numbers: HHSN275200403394C, HHSN275201100002I and Task 1 HHSN27500001) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. There are no competing interests.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T20:11:19Z","timestamp":1575576679000},"page":"413-423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Vitamin D and Reproductive Hormones Across the Menstrual Cycle"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5866-848X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Q E","family":"Harmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kissell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Rockville, MD 20847, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A M Z","family":"Jukic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Rockville, MD 20847, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0539-8110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L","family":"Sjaarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Rockville, MD 20847, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N J","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Rockville, MD 20847, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D M","family":"Umbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E F","family":"Schisterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Rockville, MD 20847, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D D","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0133-3176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S L","family":"Mumford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Rockville, MD 20847, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-50-2-377","article-title":"Effect of the menstrual cycle on calcium-regulating hormones in the normal young woman","volume":"50","author":"Baran","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110072","article-title":"Influence of the vitamin D-binding protein on the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Significance of the free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration","volume":"67","author":"Bouillon","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555109","article-title":"The effect of endogenous estrogen fluctuation on metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D","volume":"39","author":"Buchanan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(86)90003-X","article-title":"Interaction between parathyroid hormone and endogenous estrogen in normal women","volume":"35","author":"Buchanan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3873","article-title":"Association between sex steroids, ovarian reserve, and vitamin D levels in healthy nonobese women","volume":"99","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-0946-1","article-title":"Free vitamin D does not vary through the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle","volume":"53","author":"Franasiak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2013.826112","article-title":"Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, hormonal contraceptive use, and cardiometabolic disease risk in an ethnically diverse population of young adults","volume":"32","author":"Garcia-Bailo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90177-6","article-title":"Fluctuation of serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 during the menstrual cycle","volume":"144","author":"Gray","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det090","article-title":"The influence of sporadic anovulation on hormone levels in ovulatory cycles","volume":"28","author":"Hambridge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3370","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1658","article-title":"Use of estrogen-containing contraception is associated with increased concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D","volume":"101","author":"Harmon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref12","first-page":"777","volume-title":"Extrarenal 1\u03b1-Hydroxylase Vitamin D","author":"Hewison","year":"2011","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn287","article-title":"Timing clinic visits to phases of the menstrual cycle by using a fertility monitor: the BioCycle study","volume":"169","author":"Howards","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref14","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D","author":"Institute of Medicine Food and Drug Board","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.04.046","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in ovarian physiology and its implication in reproduction: a systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Irani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0012-5","article-title":"Lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with irregular menstrual cycles in a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Jukic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.03.004","article-title":"Increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with reduced odds of long menstrual cycles in a cross-sectional study of African American women","volume":"106","author":"Jukic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx297","article-title":"Measurement of vitamin D for epidemiologic and clinical research: shining light on a complex decision","volume":"187","author":"Jukic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000804","article-title":"25-hydroxyvitamin D and long menstrual cycles in a prospective cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Jukic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.4.7403","article-title":"Vitamin D is an important factor in estrogen biosynthesis of both female and male gonads","volume":"141","author":"Kinuta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9466-0","article-title":"Vitamin D association with estradiol and progesterone in young women","volume":"21","author":"Knight","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des248","article-title":"Relevance of vitamin D in reproduction","volume":"27","author":"Luk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.01.004","article-title":"1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exerts tissue-specific effects on estrogen and androgen metabolism","volume":"1811","author":"Lundqvist","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.04.035","article-title":"Assessment of anovulation in eumenorrheic women: comparison of ovulation detection algorithms","volume":"102","author":"Lynch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2643","article-title":"Variability and reproducibility of circulating vitamin D in a Nationwide U.S. population","volume":"98","author":"Major","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref26","author":"Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1137","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4161","article-title":"Vitamin D alters genes involved in follicular development and steroidogenesis in human cumulus granulosa cells","volume":"99","author":"Merhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2011.01204.x","article-title":"Realignment and multiple imputation of longitudinal data: an application to menstrual cycle data","volume":"25","author":"Mumford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1871","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1350","article-title":"The utility of menstrual cycle length as an indicator of cumulative hormonal exposure","volume":"97","author":"Mumford","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-6-1313","article-title":"Calcium-regulating hormones across the menstrual cycle","volume":"62","author":"Muse","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262837","article-title":"Vitamin D regulates steroidogenesis and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) production in human ovarian cells","volume":"42","author":"Parikh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref32","first-page":"31","article-title":"nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2014.944680","article-title":"Kidney biomarkers associated with blood lead, mercury, and cadmium in premenopausal women: a prospective cohort study","volume":"78","author":"Pollack","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.4158\/EP15623.OR","article-title":"Vitamin D-binding protein in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women: relationship with estradiol concentrations","volume":"21","author":"Pop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137573","article-title":"The relationship between endogenous oestradiol and vitamin D3 metabolites in serum and follicular fluid during ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer","volume":"7","author":"Potashnik","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.054502","article-title":"Estimating mean annual 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations from single measurements: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"97","author":"Sachs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E928","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00378.2010","article-title":"Defective female reproductive function in 1,25(OH)2D-deficient mice results from indirect effect mediated by extracellular calcium and\/or phosphorus","volume":"299","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1020476","article-title":"Unchanged biochemical indices of bone turnover despite fluctuations in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D during the menstrual cycle","volume":"102","author":"Tjellesen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref39","first-page":"1041","volume-title":"The Pharmacology of Vitamin D Vitamin D","author":"Vieth","year":"2011","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2008.00985.x","article-title":"BioCycle study: design of the longitudinal study of the oxidative stress and hormone variation during the menstrual cycle","volume":"23","author":"Wactawski-Wende","year":"2009","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2011.00125.x","article-title":"Guidelines for estimating repeatability","volume":"3","author":"Wolak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"2021032312562174100_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.9","article-title":"Adiposity and sex hormones across the menstrual cycle: the BioCycle study","volume":"37","author":"Yeung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/35\/2\/413\/36670727\/dez283.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article-pdf\/35\/2\/413\/36670727\/dez283.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T12:56:52Z","timestamp":1616504212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humrep\/article\/35\/2\/413\/5736307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dez283","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-1161","1460-2350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-1161","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}}}