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A few thousand sperm swim through the uterotubal junctions to reach the Fallopian tubes (uterine tubes, oviducts) where sperm are stored in a reservoir, or at least maintained in a fertile state, by interacting with endosalpingeal (oviductal) epithelium. As the time of ovulation approaches, sperm become capacitated and hyperactivated, which enables them to proceed towards the tubal ampulla. Sperm may be guided to the oocyte by a combination of thermotaxis and chemotaxis. Motility hyperactivation assists sperm in penetrating mucus in the tubes and the cumulus oophorus and zona pellucida of the oocyte, so that they may finally fuse with the oocyte plasma membrane. Knowledge of the biology of sperm transport can inspire improvements in artificial insemination, IVF, the diagnosis of infertility and the development of contraceptives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,4]],"date-time":"2005-11-04T20:33:53Z","timestamp":1131136433000},"page":"23-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":983,"title":["Sperm transport in the female reproductive tract"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"S.S.","family":"Suarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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