{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:27:33Z","timestamp":1792808853323,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003761","name":"UMC Utrecht","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013T083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013T083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) suffer from an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profile, which is already established by child-bearing age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this systematic review along with an individual participant data meta-analysis is to evaluate whether cardiometabolic features in the offspring (females and males aged 1\u201318\u00a0years) of women with PCOS (OPCOS) are less favorable compared to the offspring of healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>SEARCH METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PubMed, Embase and gray literature databases were searched by three authors independently (M.N.G., M.A.W and J.C.) (last updated on 1 February 2018). Relevant key terms such as \u2018offspring\u2019 and \u2018PCOS\u2019 were combined. Outcomes were age-specific standardized scores of various cardiometabolic parameters: BMI, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipid profile and the sum scores of various cardiometabolic features (metabolic sum score). Linear mixed models were used for analyses with standardized beta (\u03b2) as outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OUTCOMES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nine relevant observational studies could be identified, which jointly included 1367 children: OPCOS and controls, originating from the Netherlands, Chile and the USA. After excluding neonates, duplicate records and follow-up screenings, a total of 885 subjects remained. In adjusted analyses, we observed that OPCOS (n\u2009=\u2009298) exhibited increased plasma levels of fasting insulin (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.21(95%CI: 0.01\u20130.41), P\u2009=\u20090.05), insulin-resistance (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.21(95%CI: 0.01\u20130.42), P\u2009=\u20090.04), triglycerides (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.19(95%CI: 0.02\u20130.36), P\u2009=\u20090.03) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.31(95%CI: 0.08\u20130.54), P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), but a reduced birthweight (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212116(95%CI: \u2212195 to 38), P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) compared to controls (n\u2009=\u2009587). After correction for multiple testing, however, differences in insulin and triglycerides lost their statistical significance. Interaction tests for sex revealed differences between males and females when comparing OPCOS versus controls. A higher 2-hour fasting insulin was observed among female OPCOS versus female controls (estimated difference for females (\u03b2f)\u2009=\u20090.45(95%CI: 0.07 to 0.83)) compared to the estimated difference between males ((\u03b2m)\u2009=\u2009\u22120.20(95%CI: \u22120.58 to 0.19)), with interaction-test: P\u2009=\u20090.03. Low-density lipoprotein\u2013cholesterol differences in OPCOS versus controls were lower among females (\u03b2f\u2009=\u2009\u22120.39(95%CI: \u22120.62 to 0.16)), but comparable between male OPCOS and male controls (\u03b2m\u2009=\u20090.27(95%CI: \u22120.03 to 0.57)), with interaction-test: P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01. Total cholesterol differences in OPCOS versus controls were also lower in females compared to the difference in male OPCOS and male controls (\u03b2f\u2009=\u2009\u22120.31(95%CI: \u22120.57 to 0.06), \u03b2m\u2009=\u20090.28(95%CI: \u22120.01 to 0.56), interaction-test: P\u2009=\u20090.01). The difference in HDL-cholesterol among female OPCOS versus controls (\u03b2f\u2009=\u20090.53(95%CI: 0.18\u20130.88)) was larger compared to the estimated mean difference among OPCOS males and the male controls (\u03b2m\u2009=\u20090.13(95%CI: \u22120.05\u22120.31), interaction-test: P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). Interaction test in metabolic sum score revealed a significant difference between females (OPCOS versus controls) and males (OPCOS versus controls); however, sub analyses performed in both sexes separately did not reveal a difference among females (OPCOS versus controls: \u03b2f\u2009=\u2009\u22120.14(95%CI: \u22121.05 to 0.77)) or males (OPCOS versus controls: \u03b2m\u2009=\u20090.85(95%CI: \u22120.10 to 1.79)), with P-value &amp;lt; 0.01.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We observed subtle signs of altered cardiometabolic health in OPCOS. Therefore, the unfavorable cardiovascular profile of women with PCOS at childbearing age may\u2014next to a genetic predisposition\u2014influence the health of their offspring. Sensitivity analyses revealed that these differences were predominantly observed among female offspring aged between 1 and 18\u00a0years. Moreover, studies with minimal risk of bias should elucidate the influence of a PCOS diagnosis in mothers on both sexes during fetal development and subsequently during childhood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,15]],"date-time":"2019-12-15T12:06:05Z","timestamp":1576411565000},"page":"104-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Cardiometabolic health in offspring of women with PCOS compared to healthy controls: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6283-2983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlise N","family":"Gunning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Sir Petermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Crisosto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bas B","family":"van Rijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlieke A","family":"de Wilde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob P","family":"Christ","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C S P M","family":"Uiterwaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilco","family":"de Jager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Immunology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinus J C","family":"Eijkemans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen R","family":"Kunselman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard S","family":"Legro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart C J M","family":"Fauser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69075-2","article-title":"Physical activity and clustered cardiovascular risk in children: a cross-sectional study (the European youth heart study)","volume":"368","author":"Andersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2651","article-title":"Infants of women with polycystic ovary syndrome have lower cord blood androstenedione and estradiol levels","volume":"95","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"III8","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000131512.50667.46","article-title":"HDL cholesterol and protective factors in atherosclerosis","volume":"109","author":"Assmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072515","article-title":"Childhood body-mass index and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood","volume":"357","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref5","first-page":"719","article-title":"Blood lipids in Chilean children 10-14 years of age","volume":"28","author":"Barja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6673.564","article-title":"Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease","volume":"298","author":"Barker","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml036","article-title":"Macklon NS. A meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Boomsma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0699","article-title":"Mass spectrometry methods measured androgen and estrogen concentrations during pregnancy and in newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"174","author":"Caanen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1993.tb02150.x","article-title":"Evidence for a single gene effect causing polycystic ovaries and male pattern baldness","volume":"38","author":"Carey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.05.34","article-title":"A general introduction to adjustment for multiple comparisons","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01787","article-title":"Pre-conception characteristics predict obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Christ","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref12","article-title":"Pre-conception characteristics predict obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Christ","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref13","first-page":"2027","article-title":"Heritability of insulin secretion and insulin action in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their first degree relatives","volume":"86","author":"Colilla","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref13a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0267","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone levels in peripubertal daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Crisosto","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.09.042","article-title":"Endocrine and cardiometabolic cord blood characteristics of offspring born to mothers with and without polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Daan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-001-0038-3","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and adolescents","volume":"3","author":"Daniels","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007813","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007813","article-title":"Large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome suggests shared genetic architecture for different diagnosis criteria","volume":"14","author":"Day","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.100156","article-title":"The perfect storm: obesity, adipocyte dysfunction, and metabolic consequences","volume":"54","author":"de Ferranti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719117749761","article-title":"Cardiovascular and metabolic health of 74 children from women previously diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome in comparison with a population-based reference cohort","volume":"25","author":"de Wilde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.04.007","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in developmental programming of metabolism","volume":"15","author":"Dearden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000036455.62159.7E","article-title":"Programming effects of short prenatal exposure to dexamethasone in sheep","volume":"40","author":"Dodic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertens (Dallas, Tex 1979)"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0940149","article-title":"An early prenatal exposure to excess glucocorticoid leads to hypertensive offspring in sheep","volume":"94","author":"Dodic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-7-17","article-title":"On the use of a continuous metabolic syndrome score in pediatric research","volume":"7","author":"Eisenmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024","article-title":"Consensus on women\u2019s health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-sponsored 3rd PCOS consensus workshop group","volume":"97","author":"Fauser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1053\/beem.2002.0203","article-title":"Adult polycystic ovary syndrome begins in childhood","volume":"16","author":"Franks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02671","article-title":"Childhood cardiometabolic outcomes of maternal obesity during pregnancy: the generation R study","volume":"63","author":"Gaillard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertens (Dallas, Tex 1979)"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e189","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1801","article-title":"Screening and treatment for lipid disorders in children and adolescents: systematic evidence review for the US preventive services task force","volume":"120","author":"Haney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-017-0282-1","article-title":"A novel method to demonstrate that pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome hyper-expose their fetus to androgens as a possible stepping stone for the developmental theory of PCOS. A pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Homburg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2011.00846.x","article-title":"Gene - environment interplay, family relationships, and child adjustment","volume":"73","author":"Horwitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1159\/000330366","article-title":"Endocrinology and gynecology of girls and women with low birth weight","volume":"30","author":"Ibanez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.58","article-title":"Hyperinsulinaemic androgen excess in adolescent girls","volume":"10","author":"Ibanez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01662-9","article-title":"Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in first-degree relatives of patients with PCOS","volume":"75","author":"Kahsar-Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1958","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinism in children of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a controlled study","volume":"93","author":"Kent","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174415001324","article-title":"The \u201cdevelopmental origins\u201d hypothesis: relevance to the obstetrician and gynecologist","volume":"6","author":"Kermack","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dev Orig Health Dis"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref34","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Gender differences in body composition, physical activity, eating behavior and body image among normal weight adolescents--an evolutionary approach","volume":"32","author":"Kirchengast","year":"2008","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0318-z","article-title":"Age at adiposity rebound in childhood is associated with PCOS diagnosis and obesity in adulthood-longitudinal analysis of BMI data from birth to age 46 in cases of PCOS","author":"Koivuaho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2017.60.6.506","article-title":"What is fetal programming? A lifetime health is under the control of in utero health","volume":"60","author":"Kwon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Sci"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14956","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14956","article-title":"Evidence for a genetic basis for hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Legro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00813","article-title":"Normal pubertal development in daughters of women with PCOS: a controlled study","volume":"102","author":"Legro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.6423","article-title":"Lipid screening in childhood and adolescence for detection of multifactorial dyslipidemia: evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force","volume":"316","author":"Lozano","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx163","article-title":"Extreme high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is paradoxically associated with high mortality in men and women: two prospective cohort studies","volume":"38","author":"Madsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref40a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0427","article-title":"Adrenal Function during Childhood and Puberty in Daughters of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Maliqueo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.10.015","article-title":"Placental steroidogenesis in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"166","author":"Maliqueo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023838","article-title":"Individual differences in boys\u2019 and girls\u2019 timing and tempo of puberty: modeling development with nonlinear growth models","volume":"47","author":"Marceau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref43a","first-page":"6","article-title":"PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"21","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq001","article-title":"Impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Moran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.01.012","article-title":"Adolescent oligomenorrhea in a biracial schoolgirl cohort: a simple clinical parameter predicting impaired fasting glucose plus type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin, glucose, insulin resistance, and centripetal obesity from age 19 to 25 years","volume":"60","author":"Morrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.2.S2.555","article-title":"National Heart Lung and blood institute. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents","volume":"114","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.13.9.1291","article-title":"Pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis in youth (PDAY) research group","volume":"13","author":"Natural history of aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions in youth. Findings from the PDAY Study","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb J Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1635","article-title":"Utility of childhood glucose homeostasis variables in predicting adult diabetes and related cardiometabolic risk factors: the Bogalusa heart study","volume":"33","author":"Nguyen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1561","article-title":"Maternal prepregnancy BMI, offspring\u2019s early postnatal growth, and metabolic profile at age 5\u20136 years: the ABCD study","volume":"99","author":"Oostvogels","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12702","article-title":"Pregnancy as a critical window for blood pressure regulation in mother and child: programming and reprogramming","volume":"219","author":"Paauw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv029","article-title":"Pregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Palomba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04443.x","article-title":"Pervasive developmental disorders in children of hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a longitudinal case-control study","volume":"77","author":"Palomba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det250","article-title":"Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the placenta in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Palomba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(99)00163-6","article-title":"Coronary heart disease is a multifactorial disease","volume":"12","author":"Poulter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0255","article-title":"Pituitary and testicular function in sons of women with polycystic ovary syndrome from infancy to adulthood","volume":"93","author":"Recabarren","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0333","article-title":"Sex-specific associations of gestational glucose tolerance with childhood body composition","volume":"36","author":"Regnault","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref56a","year":"2014"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707782360088","article-title":"Valproate and neuroendocrine changes in relation to women treated for epilepsy and bipolar disorder: a review","volume":"14","author":"Reynolds","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1534","article-title":"Insulin and BMI as predictors of adult type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"135","author":"Sabin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.2_Supplement.2S","article-title":"Rules of evidence and clinical recommendations on the use of antithrombotic agents","volume":"95","author":"Sackett","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)02984-9","article-title":"Aromatization of androgens in women: current concepts and findings","volume":"77","author":"Simpson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00475.x","article-title":"Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2836","article-title":"Metabolic and reproductive features before and during puberty in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Sir-Petermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4637","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1036","article-title":"Early metabolic derangements in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Sir-Petermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20213","article-title":"Longitudinal weight gain in women identified with polycystic ovary syndrome: results of an observational study in young women","volume":"21","author":"Teede","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8573","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.15.8573","article-title":"Thirty-seven candidate genes for polycystic ovary syndrome: strongest evidence for linkage is with follistatin","volume":"96","author":"Urbanek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref66","volume-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomized Studies in Meta-Analyses","author":"Wells","year":"2014"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2375","article-title":"Clinical review: lifecycle of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): from in utero to menopause","volume":"98","author":"Welt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70302-6","article-title":"Role of the prenatal environment in the development of obesity","volume":"132","author":"Whitaker","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref69","volume-title":"WHO Anthro Version 3.2.2. Child Growth Standards","author":"WHO","year":"2011"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref70","volume-title":"Reference Study. WHO Child Growth Standards. Length, Height for-Age, Weightfor-Age, Weight-for-Length and Body Mass Index-for Age. Methods and Development","author":"WHO Multicentre Growth","year":"2006"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref71","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Sixty-fifth World Health Assembly Geneva, 21\u201326 May 2012. Resolutions and decisions, annexes","author":"WHO. Resolution","year":"2012"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref72","first-page":"106","article-title":"Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2020052206095621100_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61627","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061627","article-title":"Pre-pregnancy body mass index in relation to infant birth weight and offspring overweight\/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction Update"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humupd\/article-pdf\/26\/1\/104\/33195589\/dmz036.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humupd\/article-pdf\/26\/1\/104\/33195589\/dmz036.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T10:13:07Z","timestamp":1590142387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/humupd\/article\/26\/1\/104\/5684966"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmz036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-4786","1460-2369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-4786","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]}}}