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Substantial evidence has implicated involvement of the neurohormone serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the pathophysiology of IBDs. The current study investigated whether serum 5-HT is elevated in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn\u2019s disease (CD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum samples were obtained from a German cohort of 96 CD and UC patients with active disease, refractory disease, or remission of disease based upon their disease activity index (DAI) and disease history. High pressure liquid chromatography with tandemmass spectrometry was used to measure 5-HT, tryptophan (TRP), and kynurenine (KYN) levels in the serum samples, and Luminex Multiplex ELISA was used to measure cytokine levels. Intestinal mucosal biopsies were obtained from a separate cohort of healthy and CD patients, and the immunoreactivity of the serotonin transporter (SERT) was determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no statistically significant difference in TRP or KYN levels between disease categories in either UC or CD. Interestingly, 5-HT levels were significantly elevated in patients with active CD but not active UC when compared with the levels in remission or refractory disease. Serum 5-HT was superior to C-reactive protein and circulating cytokines in differentiating between disease categories in CD. Additionally, SERT immunoreactivity was decreased in the ileum and colon of patients with CD compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have shown that the serum 5-HT can differentiate between active disease and refractory disease or remission among CD patients, emphasizing the potential suitability of serum 5-HT as an auxiliary measure in diagnosing active CD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T03:18:13Z","timestamp":1598411893000},"page":"1607-1618","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Serum Serotonin Differentiates Between Disease Activity States in Crohn\u2019s Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Christopher R","family":"Manzella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dulari","family":"Jayawardena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfredo","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waddah A","family":"Alrefai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago , IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington , WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington , WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravinder K","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023112920290991200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-012-0302-4","article-title":"Environmental triggers for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"15","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"2023112920290991200_CIT0002","first-page":"19","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"260","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Practitioner."},{"key":"2023112920290991200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1999-130","article-title":"Appropriateness of gastrointestinal endoscopy: risk of complications","volume":"31","author":"Froehlich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endoscopy."},{"key":"2023112920290991200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12263","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis or Crohn\u2019s disease? 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