{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T04:08:22Z","timestamp":1777176502217,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dermatological conditions such as erythema nodosum (EN), pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet\u2019s syndrome, and aphthous stomatitis can occur with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are considered dermatological extraintestinal manifestations (D-EIMs). Rarely, they may precede IBD. Other common conditions such as psoriasis have also been associated with IBD. This study examined the risk of a subsequent IBD diagnosis in patients presenting with a D-EIM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study compared patients with D-EIMs and age-\/sex-matched patients without D-EIMs. Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, deprivation, comorbidity, smoking, loperamide use, anemia, and lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Logistic regression was used to produce a prediction model for the diagnosis of IBD within 3 years of EN diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We matched 7447 patients with D-EIMs (74% female; median age 38 years (interquartile ratio [IQR], 24-65 years) to 29,297 patients without D-EIMs. We observed 131 (1.8%) subsequent IBD diagnoses in patients with D-EIMs compared with 65 (0.2%) in those without D-EIMs. Median time to IBD diagnosis was 205 days (IQR, 44-661 days) in those with D-EIMs and 1594 days (IQR, 693-2841 days) in those without D-EIMs. The adjusted HR for a later diagnosis of IBD was 6.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.53-8.37; P &amp;lt; 0.001), for ulcerative colitis the HR was 3.30 (95% CI, 1.98-5.53; P &amp;lt; 0.001), and for Crohn\u2019s disease the HR was 8.54 (95% CI, 5.74-12.70; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Patients with psoriasis had a 34% increased risk of a subsequent IBD diagnosis compared with the matched control patients (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.20-1.51; P &amp;lt; 0.001). We included 4043 patients with an incident EN diagnosis in the prediction model cohort, with 87 patients (2.2%) diagnosed with IBD within 3 years. The model had a bias-corrected c-statistic of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.78-0.86).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with D-EIMs have a 6-fold increased risk of a later diagnosis of IBD. Younger age, smoking, low body mass index, anemia, and lower gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with an increased risk of diagnosis of IBD within 3 years in patients with EN.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T01:55:07Z","timestamp":1610589307000},"page":"1731-1739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Risk of Later Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients With Dermatological Disorders Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1153-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust , West Bromwich, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, United 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Research, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola J","family":"Adderley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Trudgill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust , West Bromwich, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022092120051115300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0200363","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200363","article-title":"Prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations in Korean inflammatory bowel disease patients","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS 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