{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:14:59Z","timestamp":1791875699905,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["314730_152895\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314730_152895\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_176125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_176125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030_172870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_172870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["314730_153380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314730_153380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3100 A0\u00a0\u2013122114\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3100 A0\u00a0\u2013122114\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030 169196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030 169196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Research Advisory Board","award":["EA 09 20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EA 09 20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) express increased mucosal levels of pH-sensing receptors compared with non-IBD controls. Acidification leads to angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. We aimed to determine the expression of pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) in fibrotic lesions in Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) patients. We further evaluated the effect of deficiency in Gpr4 or its pharmacologic inhibition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paired samples from fibrotic and nonfibrotic terminal ileum were obtained from CD patients undergoing ileocaecal resection. The effects of Gpr4 deficiency were assessed in the spontaneous Il-10-\/- and the chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) murine colitis model. The effects of Gpr4 deficiency and a GPR4 antagonist (39c) were assessed in the heterotopic intestinal transplantation model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In human terminal ileum, increased expression of fibrosis markers was accompanied by an increase in GPR4 expression. A positive correlation between the expression of procollagens and GPR4 was observed. In murine disease models, Gpr4 deficiency was associated with a decrease in angiogenesis and fibrogenesis evidenced by decreased vessel length and expression of Edn, Vegf\u03b1, and procollagens. The heterotopic animal model for intestinal fibrosis, transplanted with terminal ileum from Gpr4-\/- mice, revealed a decrease in mRNA expression of fibrosis markers and a decrease in collagen content and layer thickness compared with grafts from wild type mice. The GPR4 antagonist decreased collagen deposition. The GPR4 expression was also observed in human and murine intestinal fibroblasts. The GPR4 inhibition reduced markers of fibroblast activation stimulated by low pH, notably Acta2 and cTgf.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expression of GPR4 positively correlates with the expression of profibrotic genes and collagen. Deficiency of Gpr4 is associated with a decrease in angiogenesis and fibrogenesis. The GPR4 antagonist decreases collagen deposition. Targeting GPR4 with specific inhibitors may constitute a new treatment option for IBD-associated fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T16:42:07Z","timestamp":1627490527000},"page":"109-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["New Therapeutic Approach for Intestinal Fibrosis Through Inhibition of pH-Sensing Receptor GPR4"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Bruce","family":"Weder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Schefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter Tobias","family":"van Haaften","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Patsenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Stickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Alcohol Research, Salem Medical Center University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senta","family":"Hutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cordelia","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Baebler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Mamie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"de Valli\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro H","family":"Imenez Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten A","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Frey-Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro A","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Seuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Forum1 Novartis Campus, Basel , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Rogler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hausmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01297074","article-title":"Very low intraluminal colonic pH in patients with active ulcerative colitis","volume":"38","author":"Fallingborg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.4.571","article-title":"Intestinal luminal pH in inflammatory bowel disease: possible determinants and implications for therapy with aminosalicylates and other drugs","volume":"48","author":"Nugent","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1998.00358.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal pH profiles in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Press","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.4.522","article-title":"The effects of extracellular pH on immune function","volume":"69","author":"Lardner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2007.02.017","article-title":"Peritoneal acidosis mediates immunoprotection in laparoscopic surgery","volume":"142","author":"Hanly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-010-1139-2","article-title":"Peritoneal changes due to laparoscopic surgery","volume":"25","author":"Brokelman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Endosc."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803466","article-title":"Involvement of proton-sensing TDAG8 in extracellular acidification-induced inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production in peritoneal macrophages","volume":"182","author":"Mogi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv133","article-title":"Development of fibrosis in acute and longstanding ulcerative colitis","volume":"9","author":"de Bruyn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200207000-00002","article-title":"Long-term evolution of disease behavior of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Cosnes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i29.3790","article-title":"Crucial steps in the natural history of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Latella","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.31","article-title":"Intestinal fibrosis in IBD\u2013a dynamic, multifactorial process","volume":"6","author":"Rieder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.08.087","article-title":"Extracellular acidification induces connective tissue growth factor production through proton-sensing receptor OGR1 in human airway smooth muscle cells","volume":"413","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200607-940OC","article-title":"An investigation of airway acidification in asthma using induced sputum: a study of feasibility and correlation","volume":"175","author":"Kodric","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/10799890600932220","article-title":"Receptors for protons or lipid messengers or both?","volume":"26","author":"Seuwen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Recept Signal Transduct Res."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01905","article-title":"Proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors","volume":"425","author":"Ludwig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45626","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406966200","article-title":"TDAG8 is a proton-sensing and psychosine-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptor","volume":"279","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9083","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M407832200","article-title":"Identification of T cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8) as a novel acid sensing G-protein-coupled receptor","volume":"280","author":"Ishii","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.03.054","article-title":"Angiogenesis as a novel component of inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis","volume":"130","author":"Danese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.09.064","article-title":"VEGF-A links angiogenesis and inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis","volume":"136","author":"Scaldaferri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-011-9238-9","article-title":"Reduced pathological angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice lacking GPR4, a proton sensing receptor","volume":"14","author":"Wyder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angiogenesis."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.02.009","article-title":"VEGF induces TGF-\u03b21 expression and myofibroblast transformation after glaucoma surgery","volume":"182","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.07.005","article-title":"VEGF induces proliferation, migration, and TGF-beta1 expression in mouse glomerular endothelial cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase","volume":"334","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx147","article-title":"The proton-activated receptor GPR4 modulates intestinal inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.008","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of Crohn\u2019s disease lesions identifies a pathogenic cellular module associated with resistance to anti-TNF therapy","volume":"178","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2017.06.050","article-title":"Design and synthesis of potent and orally active GPR4 antagonists with modulatory effects on nociception, inflammation, and angiogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Miltz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.03.038","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of GPR4 remediates intestinal inflammation in a mouse colitis model","volume":"852","author":"Sanderlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.06.007","article-title":"CNS distribution, signalling properties and central effects of G-protein coupled receptor 4","volume":"138","author":"Hosford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30011","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030011","article-title":"A modified RMCE-compatible Rosa26 locus for the expression of transgenes from exogenous promoters","volume":"7","author":"Tchorz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e3182a6a0f3","article-title":"A new heterotopic transplant animal model of intestinal fibrosis","author":"Hausmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7113-8_26","article-title":"Method for picrosirius red-polarization detection of collagen fibers in tissue sections","volume":"1627","author":"Ritti\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57657-9","article-title":"Activation of pH-sensing receptor OGR1 (GPR68) induces ER stress via the IRE1\u03b1\/JNK pathway in an intestinal epithelial cell model","volume":"10","author":"Maeyashiki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0032","first-page":"1491","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mediators of intestinal fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Lawrance","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0033","first-page":"1348","article-title":"Intestinal activation of pH-sensing receptor OGR1 [GPR68] contributes to fibrogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Hutter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199910)181:1<153::AID-JCP16>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Role and interaction of connective tissue growth factor with transforming growth factor-beta in persistent fibrosis: a mouse fibrosis model","volume":"181","author":"Mori","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023470709071","article-title":"Mechanics of vimentin intermediate filaments","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Muscle Res Cell Motil."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2017.02.004","article-title":"Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) hydroxylases as regulators of intestinal epithelial barrier function","volume":"3","author":"Manresa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1571","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1997.273.5.C1571","article-title":"Hypoxia enhances induction of endothelial ICAM-1: role for metabolic acidosis and proteasomes","volume":"273","author":"Z\u00fcnd","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0231796","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231796","article-title":"High circulating elafin levels are associated with Crohn\u2019s disease-associated intestinal strictures","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i28.3635","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis","volume":"18","author":"Speca","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31584","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802535200","article-title":"The rough endoplasmic reticulum-resident FK506-binding protein FKBP65 is a molecular chaperone that interacts with collagens","volume":"283","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201412-2233OC","article-title":"FK506-binding protein 10, a potential novel drug target for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"192","author":"Staab-Weijnitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0768-1","article-title":"FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10) regulates lung fibroblast migration via collagen VI synthesis","volume":"19","author":"Kn\u00fcppel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080837","article-title":"Modulation of TGFbeta1-dependent myofibroblast differentiation by hyaluronan","volume":"175","author":"Webber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20102510","article-title":"Severe lung fibrosis requires an invasive fibroblast phenotype regulated by hyaluronan and CD44","volume":"208","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.100848","article-title":"The proton-sensing GPR4 receptor regulates paracellular gap formation and permeability of vascular endothelial cells","volume":"23","author":"Krewson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iscience."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.011833","article-title":"Endothelin","volume":"68","author":"Davenport","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0047","article-title":"Differential roles of VEGF: relevance to tissue fibrosis","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.021","article-title":"The role of small molecule platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitors in the treatment of neoplastic disorders","volume":"129","author":"Roskoski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61991","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061991","article-title":"Acidosis activation of the proton-sensing GPR4 receptor stimulates vascular endothelial cell inflammatory responses revealed by transcriptome analysis","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0050","first-page":"970890","article-title":"Angiogenesis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"2015","author":"Alkim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Inflam."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2013.04.008","article-title":"G13 controls angiogenesis through regulation of VEGFR-2 expression","volume":"25","author":"Sivaraj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Cell."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2014.11.022","article-title":"Acidic environment activates inflammatory programs in fibroblasts via a cAMP-MAPK pathway","volume":"1853","author":"Riemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2008.05.009","article-title":"Intestinal fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease\u2014current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"2","author":"Rieder","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.07.042","article-title":"Inflammation-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: a novel mechanism of intestinal fibrosis","volume":"179","author":"Rieder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1613","article-title":"Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to cardiac fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Zeisberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.103.2.521","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta 1 promotes the differentiation of endothelial cells into smooth muscle-like cells in vitro","volume":"103 (Pt 2)","author":"Arciniegas","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cell Sci."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00584.x","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines induce the transformation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells into myofibroblasts: a potential role in skin fibrogenesis","volume":"34","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-003-0745-x","article-title":"Endothelial-pericyte interactions in angiogenesis","volume":"314","author":"Gerhardt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0059","first-page":"452","article-title":"Pericytes as collagen-producing cells in excessive dermal scarring","volume":"74","author":"Sundberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lab Invest."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G786","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00059.2012","article-title":"Animal models of intestinal fibrosis: new tools for the understanding of pathogenesis and therapy of human disease","volume":"303","author":"Rieder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15681","article-title":"The effect of AMA0428, a novel and potent ROCK inhibitor, in a model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"56","author":"Hollanders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"2022091221340549100_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8293","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13078293","article-title":"Fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."}],"container-title":["Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/28\/1\/109\/45808387\/izab140.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/28\/1\/109\/45808387\/izab140.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T19:31:51Z","timestamp":1672947111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article\/28\/1\/109\/6329559"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izab140","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-0998","1536-4844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-0998","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]}}}