{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:47:27Z","timestamp":1790966847076,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Digestive Health Foundation of Northwestern Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with chronic illness are at increased risk for traumatic stress because of medical trauma. Initial studies of posttraumatic stress (PTS) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have found that approximately one-third of patients may experience significant PTS symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, hypervigilance, disrupted sleep, and low mood. We aim to better characterize PTS in IBD and its relationship with patient outcomes in a large cohort of patients with IBD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adult patients registered with the Crohn\u2019s &amp; Colitis Foundation\/University of North Carolina IBD Partners database were invited to complete a supplementary survey between February and July 2020. The Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5th edition was administered as a supplemental survey. Additional data from IBD Partners included disease severity, surgery and hospital history, demographics, and health care utilization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 797 patients participated (452 with Crohn disease, 345 with ulcerative colitis). No impacts on response patterns because of the COVID-19 pandemic were found. Although 5.6% of the sample reported an existing PTS diagnosis because of IBD experiences, 9.6% of participants met the full IBD-related PTS diagnostic criteria per the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5th edition. Female patients, younger patients, those with less educational attainment, non-White patients, and Hispanic patients reported higher levels of PTS symptoms. Patients with higher PTS symptoms were more likely to have been hospitalized, have had surgery, have more severe symptoms, and not be in remission. Increased PTS was also associated with increased anxiety, depression, pain interference, fatigue, and health care utilization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present findings support prior research that approximately one-quarter to one-third of patients with IBD report significant symptoms of PTS directly from their disease experiences, and certain demographic groups are at higher risk. In addition, PTS is associated with several IBD outcomes. Patients with higher PTS symptoms are less likely to be in remission and may utilize more outpatient gastrointestinal services. Intervention trials to mitigate PTS symptoms in patients with IBD are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T09:52:16Z","timestamp":1623923536000},"page":"710-719","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Posttraumatic Stress in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Prevalence and Relationships to Patient-Reported Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4670-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany H","family":"Taft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Quinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Jedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University, Department of Digestive Disease and Nutrition , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ece A","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University, Department of Digestive Disease and Nutrition , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B","family":"Hanauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022092311481808300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20656","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder: a state-of-the-art review of evidence and challenges","volume":"18","author":"Bryant","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry."},{"key":"2022092311481808300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2016.04.001","article-title":"Resilience, post-traumatic stress, and posttraumatic growth: veterans\u2019 and active duty military members\u2019 coping trajectories following traumatic event exposure","volume":"47","author":"Angel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today."},{"key":"2022092311481808300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0127241","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127241","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth: evidence from a longitudinal study following an earthquake disaster","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2022092311481808300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.09.018","article-title":"Interaction between genetic variants and exposure to Hurricane Katrina on post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth: a prospective analysis of low income adults","volume":"152\u2013154","author":"Dunn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"2022092311481808300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2489-3","article-title":"Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adult critical care survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Righy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"2022092311481808300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5314","article-title":"The relationship between post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth in cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Marziliano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychooncology."},{"key":"2022092311481808300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4243","article-title":"Post-traumatic growth in breast cancer: how and when do distress and stress contribute?","volume":"26","author":"Groarke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychooncology."},{"key":"2022092311481808300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-020-09873-9","article-title":"Occurrence of post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety and depression in the acute phase of transient ischemic attack and stroke","author":"Muller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q. 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