{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T20:23:15Z","timestamp":1787948595567,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DK007742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK007742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) will not achieve endoscopic remission on current therapy. Addition of tofacitinib to biologics may improve remission rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively assessed safety and clinical and endoscopic effectiveness of off-label tofacitinib and biologics for CD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 19 patients treated with tofacitinib and a biologic for refractory CD between 2017 and 2019. Tofacitinib was added for luminal disease on colonoscopy (n\u2005=\u200513), luminal disease on capsule (n\u2005=\u20053), and pyoderma gangrenosum (n\u2005=\u20053). The mean age was 41.2 years (28\u201362), mean disease was duration 16.9 years (6\u201336), and prior exposure to biologics was a median of 4 (1\u20136). Mean treatment duration was 9.6 months (SD, 3.3). Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 36.8% of patients, most commonly minor infection or CD flare, and no patients had a serious AE; 80.0% (n\u2005=\u20058) achieved clinical response, and 60.0% (n\u2005=\u20056) achieved clinical remission based on Harvey-Bradshaw Index. Endoscopic improvement occurred in 54.5% (n\u2005=\u20056), endoscopic remission in 18.2% (n\u2005=\u20052), and endoscopic healing in 18.2% (n\u2005=\u20052) of patients. Mean Simple Endoscopic Score in CD significantly improved from 13.6\u2005\u00b1\u20055.2 to 6.5\u2005\u00b1\u20054.0 after treatment (P\u2005&amp;lt; .01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients treated with tofacitinib in combination with a biologic, no new safety signals were observed. Combination tofacitinib and a biologic was effective in achieving clinical and endoscopic improvement in some patients with severe, refractory CD, although a larger sample size is needed to further assess the efficacy and long-term safety of this treatment strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T13:18:14Z","timestamp":1628083094000},"page":"309-313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Safety and Efficacy of Tofacitinib in Combination With Biologic Therapy for Refractory Crohn\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8936-8052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott David","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Division of Gastroenterology , Seattle, Washington , 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J","family":"Kamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Division of Gastroenterology , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kindra Dawn","family":"Clark-Snustad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Division of Gastroenterology , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032820403097100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.070","article-title":"Risk factors associated with progression to intestinal complications of Crohn\u2019s disease in a population-based cohort","volume":"139","author":"Thia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"2023032820403097100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1707500","article-title":"Tofacitinib as 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