{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:07:29Z","timestamp":1791565649497,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Active disease in inflammatory bowel disease patients during pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes. Objective evaluation of disease activity is a core strategy in IBD, and during pregnancy noninvasive modalities are preferred. We aimed to evaluate feasibility and accuracy of intestinal ultrasound (IUS) to objectify disease activity throughout pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pregnant patients with known IBD were included and followed throughout pregnancy for clinical disease activity, with fecal calprotectin (FCP) and with IUS every trimester. Feasibility of IUS was assessed for all colonic segments and terminal ileum (TI). Intestinal ultrasound outcomes to detect active disease and treatment response were compared with clinical scores combined with FCP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 38 patients (22 CD, 16 UC) were included, with 27 patients having serial IUS. Feasibility of IUS decreases significantly in third trimester for TI (first vs third trimester: 91.3% vs 21.7%, P &amp;lt; .0001) and sigmoid (first vs third trimester: 95.6% vs 69.5%, P = .023). Intestinal ultrasound activity showed moderate to strong correlation with clinical activity (r\u2005=\u20050.60, P &amp;lt; .0001) and FCP (r\u2005=\u20050.73, P &amp;lt; .0001). Throughout pregnancy, IUS distinguished active from quiescent disease with 84% sensitivity and 98% specificity according to FCP combined with clinical activity. IUS showed disease activity in &amp;gt;1 segment in 52% of patients and detected treatment response with 80% sensitivity and 92% specificity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IUS is feasible and accurate throughout pregnancy, although visualization of the sigmoid and TI decreases in the third trimester. IUS provides objective information on disease activity, extent, and treatment response, even during second and third trimester, and offers a noninvasive strategy to closely monitor patients during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T17:43:12Z","timestamp":1631727792000},"page":"1045-1052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Intestinal Ultrasound to Evaluate Treatment Response During Pregnancy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4058-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floris","family":"De Voogd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshad","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir H. N. Reliance Hospital and Research Centre , Mumbai , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Van Wassenaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Bots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert","family":"D\u2019Haens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisztina","family":"Gecse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3677-x","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease increases risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"O\u2019Toole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jju006","article-title":"The second European evidenced-based consensus on reproduction and pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"van der Woude","year":"2015","journal-title":"j Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz037","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy clinical care pathway: a report from the american gastroenterological association IBD parenthood project working group","volume":"25","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001244","article-title":"Noninvasive methods for assessing inflammatory bowel disease activity in pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Tandon","year":"2019","journal-title":"j Clin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-020-00303-0","article-title":"Update on pregnancy in patients with IBD","volume":"18","author":"Winter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-199102000-00002","article-title":"C-reactive protein in normal pregnancy","volume":"77","author":"Watts","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12074","article-title":"Optimal cut-off value of fecal calprotectin for the evaluation of ulcerative colitis: an unsolved issue?","volume":"2","author":"Jha","year":"2018","journal-title":"jgh Open."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001136","article-title":"Fecal calprotectin is not affected by pregnancy: clinical implications for the management of pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"23","author":"Julsgaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwaa001","article-title":"Systematic review: patient perceptions of monitoring tools in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"4","author":"Goodsall","year":"2021","journal-title":"j Can Assoc Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30161-4","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance enterography and small bowel ultrasound for the extent and activity of newly diagnosed and relapsed Crohn\u2019s disease (METRIC): a multicentre trial","volume":"3","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa267","article-title":"A reliability study-strong inter-observer agreement of an expert panel for intestinal ultrasound in ulcerative colitis","volume":"15(8)","author":"De Voogd","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319451","article-title":"Intestinal ultrasound for monitoring therapeutic response in patients with ulcerative colitis: results from the TRUST&UC study","volume":"69","author":"Maaser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy113","article-title":"ECCO-ESGAR guideline for diagnostic assessment in IBD part 1: initial diagnosis, monitoring of known IBD, detection of complications","volume":"13","author":"Maaser","year":"2019","journal-title":"j Crohns Colitis."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa216","article-title":"Expert consensus on optimal acquisition and development of the international bowel ultrasound segmental activity score (IBUS-SAS): a reliability and inter-rater variability study on intestinal ultrasonography in Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"15","author":"Novak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04710.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the use of ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis, assessment of activity and abdominal complications of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Pan\u00e9s","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.040","article-title":"Use of intestinal ultrasound to monitor Crohn\u2019s disease activity","volume":"15","author":"Kucharzik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.672","article-title":"Are colonoscopy and bowel ultrasound useful for assessing response to short-term therapy and predicting disease outcome of moderate-to-severe forms of ulcerative colitis?: a prospective study","volume":"105","author":"Parente","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am j Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa082","article-title":"Monitoring inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy using gastrointestinal ultrasonography","volume":"14","author":"Flanagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"j Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwy062","article-title":"The role of bowel ultrasound in detecting subclinical inflammation in pregnant women with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Leung","year":"2019","journal-title":"j Can Assoc Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.06.001","article-title":"Defining disease severity in inflammatory bowel diseases: current and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.01.001","article-title":"Correlation between the Crohn\u2019s disease activity and Harvey\u2013Bradshaw indices in assessing Crohn\u2019s disease severity","volume":"8","author":"Vermeire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy048","article-title":"Ultrasound for assessing disease activity in IBD patients: a systematic review of activity scores","volume":"12","author":"Bots","year":"2018","journal-title":"j Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864","article-title":"Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation","volume":"126","author":"Schober","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.660542","article-title":"Surrogate markers and clinical indices, alone or combined, as indicators for endoscopic remission in anti-TNF-treated luminal Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"47","author":"af Bj\u00f6rkesten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand j Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.560680","article-title":"Fecal calprotectin is equally sensitive in Crohn\u2019s disease affecting the small bowel and colon","volume":"46","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand j Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022070108573757900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15767","article-title":"Transperineal ultrasound predicts endoscopic and histological healing in ulcerative colitis","volume":"51","author":"Sagami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."}],"container-title":["Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/28\/7\/1045\/44267912\/izab216.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/28\/7\/1045\/44267912\/izab216.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T08:59:48Z","timestamp":1656665988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article\/28\/7\/1045\/6370832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izab216","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-0998","1536-4844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-0998","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]}}}