{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T06:57:14Z","timestamp":1770706634322,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1158952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1158952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is thought to play a critical role in the anti-inflammatory reflex pathway in acute colitis via its interaction with the spleen and colon. Inflammation in the intestine is associated with a blunting of vagal signaling and increased sympathetic activity. As a corollary, methods to restore sympatho-vagal balance are being investigated as therapeutic strategies for the treatment of intestinal inflammation. Nevertheless, it is indefinite whether these autonomic signaling adaptations in colitis are detrimental or beneficial to controlling intestinal inflammation. In this study, models of moderate and severe chronic colitis are utilized to resolve the correlations between sympatho-vagal signaling and the severity of intestinal inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spleens and colons were collected from Winnie (moderate colitis), Winnie-Prolapse (severe colitis), and control C57BL\/6 mice. Changes to the size and histomorphology of spleens were evaluated. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of adrenergic and cholinergic signaling proteins in splenic B and T lymphocytes. The inflammatory profile of the spleen and colon was determined using a RT-PCR gene array. Blood pressure, heart rate, splanchnic sympathetic nerve and vagus nerve activity were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spleens and colons from Winnie and Winnie-Prolapse mice exhibited gross abnormalities by histopathology. Genes associated with a pro-inflammatory response were upregulated in the colons from Winnie and further augmented in colons from Winnie-Prolapse mice. Conversely, many pro-inflammatory markers were downregulated in the spleens from Winnie-Prolapse mice. Heightened activity of the splanchnic nerve was observed in Winnie but not Winnie-Prolapse mice. Conversely, vagal nerve activity was greater in Winnie-Prolapse mice compared with Winnie mice. Splenic lymphocytes expressing \u03b11 and \u03b22 adrenoreceptors were reduced, but those expressing \u03b17 nAChR and producing acetylcholine were increased in Winnie and Winnie-Prolapse mice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sympathetic activity may correlate with an adaptive mechanism to reduce the severity of chronic colitis. The Winnie and Winnie-Prolapse mouse models of moderate and severe chronic colitis are well suited to examine the pathophysiology of progressive chronic intestinal inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T15:40:17Z","timestamp":1649173217000},"page":"1229-1243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Divergent Adaptations in Autonomic Nerve Activity and Neuroimmune Signaling Associated With the Severity of Inflammation in Chronic Colitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rhian","family":"Stavely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , 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Victoria , Australia"},{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ainsley M","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Hassanzadeganroudsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhiannon T","family":"Filippone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajaraman","family":"Eri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania , Launceston, Tasmania , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel C","family":"Bornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-2771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasso","family":"Apostolopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2597-6929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kulmira","family":"Nurgali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian 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