{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:25:08Z","timestamp":1789500308773,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diagnosis of Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) requires ileo-colonoscopy (IC) and cross-sectional evaluation. Recently, \u201cechoscopy\u201d has been used effectively in several settings, although data about its use for CD diagnosis are still limited. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of handheld bowel sonography (HHBS) in comparison with magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) for CD diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From September 2019 to June 2021, we prospectively recruited consecutive subjects attending our third level IBD Unit for suspected CD. Patients underwent IC, HHBS, and MRE in random order with operators blinded about the result of the other procedures. Bivariate correlation between MRE and HHBS was calculated by Spearman coefficient (r). To test the consistency between MRE and HHBS for CD location and complications, the Cohen\u2019s k measure was applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Crohn\u2019s disease diagnosis was made in 48 out of 85 subjects (56%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values for CD diagnosis were 87.50%, 91.89%, 93.33%, and 85% for HHBS; and 91.67%, 94.59%, 95.65%, and 89.74% for MRE, without significant differences in terms of diagnostic accuracy (89.41% for HHBS vs 92.94% for MRE, P\u2005=\u2005NS). Magnetic resonance enterography was superior to HHBS in defining CD extension (r\u2005=\u20050.67; P &amp;lt; .01) with a better diagnostic performance than HHBS for detecting location (k\u2005=\u20050.81; P &amp;lt; .01), strictures (k\u2005=\u20050.75; P &amp;lt; .01), abscesses (k\u2005=\u20050.68; P &amp;lt; .01), and fistulas (k\u2005=\u20050.65; P &amp;lt; .01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Handheld bowel sonography and MRE are 2 accurate and noninvasive procedures for diagnosis of CD, although MRE is more sensitive in defining extension, location, and complications. Handheld bowel sonography could be used as effective ambulatory (or out-of-office) screening tool for identifying patients to refer for MRE examination due to high probability of CD diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T14:42:19Z","timestamp":1654526539000},"page":"563-569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["David Against Goliath: Direct Comparison of Handheld Bowel Sonography and Magnetic Resonance Enterography for Diagnosis of Crohn\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rispo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6448-2649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"de Sire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Paolo","family":"Mainenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Council of Research , Naples , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3230-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Imperatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, AORN Antonio Cardarelli of Naples , Naples , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Testa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Maurea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Department of Advanced Biochemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Ricciolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hospital of Ariano Irpino Sant\u2019Ottone-Frangipane , Avellino , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9554-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga Maria","family":"Nardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Olmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Castiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040316442736400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000164020.65106.84","article-title":"Noninvasive diagnosis of small bowel Crohn\u2019s disease: combined use of bowel sonography and Tc-99m-HMPAO leukocyte scintigraphy.","volume":"11","author":"Rispo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"2023040316442736400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15190","article-title":"One-year clinical outcomes with biologics in Crohn\u2019s 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