{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T23:18:40Z","timestamp":1785107920315,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K23DK111995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K23DK111995"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Given the complexity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care, utilization of multidisciplinary teams is recommended to optimize outcomes. There is a growing recognition that clinical pharmacists should be an integral part of this care model. We sought to define the roles of IBD clinical pharmacists in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A national multidisciplinary expert panel of 12 gastroenterologists and clinical pharmacists practicing in IBD clinics was assembled. We used the RAND\/University of California, Los Angeles appropriateness method, with a total of 281 statements generated based on a systematic literature review and expert opinion. Each statement was anonymously rated as appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate in 2 rounds of voting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The number of publications evaluating the clinical pharmacists\u2019 roles in IBD is limited, primarily focusing on thiopurine initiation and monitoring, medication adherence, and switching to biosimilars. Medication education; medication initiation and monitoring; therapeutic drug monitoring; biosimilar management; health maintenance review; and transitions of care were deemed by the panel to be appropriate roles for IBD clinical pharmacists. In considering real-world settings, IBD clinical pharmacists should practice clinically under a predefined scope and primarily focus on complex treatments (eg, immunomodulators, biologics, and small molecules). Clinical pharmacists should also be included in practice settings with IBD specialized physicians. Additionally, clinical pharmacists caring for patients with IBD should be residency trained and board certified.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This consensus defines IBD clinical pharmacists\u2019 roles and provides a framework for embedded clinical pharmacists in IBD care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T15:55:17Z","timestamp":1693497317000},"page":"950-959","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Defining the Roles of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Pharmacists in the United States: A Systematic Review and National RAND\/UCLA Consensus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7023-9506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubha","family":"Bhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, OH , USA"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruishen","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitali","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bloomfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist , Winston-Salem, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H","family":"Bruining","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin L","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic , Scottsdale, AZ , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A","family":"Leighton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic , Scottsdale, AZ , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa P","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist , Winston-Salem, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Trocke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, M Health Fairview , Minneapolis, MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy S","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Mount Sinai Hospital , New York, NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan C","family":"Ungaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron P","family":"Vaughn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Regueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick","family":"Sokn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Rieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , OH , USA"},{"name":"Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10114","key":"2024060305522763300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"390","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024060305522763300_CIT0002","first-page":"619","article-title":"Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric and adult populations: recent estimates from large national databases in the United States, 2007-2016","volume":"26","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"2024060305522763300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00075","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: complexity and variability need integration","volume":"5","author":"Fiocchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024060305522763300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz104","article-title":"The cost of inflammatory bowel disease: an initiative from the Crohn\u2019s & Colitis Foundation","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024060305522763300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz256","article-title":"Shifting cost-drivers of health care expenditures in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"26","author":"Click","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"2024060305522763300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.007","article-title":"Reduced unplanned care and disease activity and increased quality of life after patient enrollment in an inflammatory bowel disease medical home","volume":"16","author":"Regueiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2024060305522763300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13965","article-title":"Multidisciplinary team meetings appear to be effective in inflammatory bowel disease management: an audit of process and outcomes","volume":"48","author":"Ferman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern Med J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024060305522763300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2017-100835","article-title":"Establishing the aims, format and function for multidisciplinary team-driven care within an inflammatory bowel disease service: a multicentre qualitative specialist-based consensus study","volume":"9","author":"Morar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024060305522763300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.01.030","article-title":"Integrated psychological care reduces health care costs at a hospital-based inflammatory bowel disease service","volume":"19","author":"Lores","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2024060305522763300_CIT0010","volume-title":"The RAND\/UCLA Appropriateness Method. 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