{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:33:26Z","timestamp":1792193606779,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Diputaci\u00f3n General de Arag\u00f3n","award":["DGACOVID-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGACOVID-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite classical association between metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and obesity, there is increasing evidence on the development of MASLD in lean individuals. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of MASLD and significant liver fibrosis in lean participants with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional, case-control study including 300 lean cases with IBD and 80 lean controls without IBD, matched by sex and age. All participants underwent a liver ultrasound, transient elastography, and laboratory tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lean IBD group showed a significantly higher prevalence of MASLD compared with lean non-IBD group (21.3% vs 10%; P = .022), but no differences were observed in the prevalence of significant liver fibrosis (4.7% vs 0.0%; P\u2005=\u20051.000). No differences were found between the prevalence of MASLD in IBD and non-IBD participants who were overweight\/obese (66.8% vs 70.8%; P = .442). In addition, the prevalence of MASLD was significantly higher in the overweight\/obese IBD group compared with the lean IBD group (P &amp;lt; .001). IBD was an independent risk factor for MASLD in lean participants (odds ratio [OR], 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-7.01; P = .04), after adjusting for classic metabolic risk factors and prior history of systemic steroid use. Nevertheless, no association between IBD related factors and MASLD was identified in lean IBD participants. When the overweight\/obese and lean IBD groups with MASLD were compared, the overweight\/obese IBD group with MASLD showed higher levels of the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11-1.98; P = .007) and history of smoking (OR, 4.66; 95% CI, 1.17-18.49; P = .029).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MASLD prevalence was higher in the lean IBD group compared with lean non-IBD group, independent of classic metabolic risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:53:43Z","timestamp":1690851223000},"page":"1274-1283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is an Independent Risk Factor for Metabolic Dysfunction\u2013Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Lean Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0857-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel J","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Digestive Pathology Translational Research Group, Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Digestive Pathology Translational Research Group, Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla J","family":"Gargallo-Puyuelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Digestive Pathology Translational Research Group, Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Gallego-Llera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Pathology Translational Research Group, Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute , Zaragoza , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Callau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary care center Delicias Sur , Zaragoza , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Mendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary care center Universitas , Zaragoza , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Arroyo-Villarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Digestive Pathology Translational Research Group, Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Sim\u00f3n-Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Digestive Pathology Translational Research Group, Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Ampuero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Diseases, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital , Sevilla , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Research Group in Liver and Digestive Diseases, Biomedicine Institute of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Gomoll\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Digestive Pathology Translational Research Group, Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Riazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100192","article-title":"NAFLD and liver transplantation: disease burden, current management and future challenges","volume":"2","author":"Burra","year":"2020","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00523-4","article-title":"Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"17","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029349","article-title":"Prospective study of outcomes in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"385","author":"Sanyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.05.057","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates","volume":"17","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000153","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"42","author":"Duell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29546","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease incidence and impact on metabolic burden and death: A 20 year-community study","volume":"67","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00308-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Mantovani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00635-5","article-title":"Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease in individuals of normal weight","volume":"19","author":"Eslam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00433-5","article-title":"What are the clinical settings and outcomes of lean NAFLD","volume":"18","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"2022","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113331","article-title":"Recent advances in lean NAFLD","volume":"153","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.12.004","article-title":"ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"42","author":"Bischoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040751","article-title":"Nutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Roncoroni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx008","article-title":"Third European evidence-based consensus on diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis. part 1: definitions, diagnosis, extra-intestinal manifestations, pregnancy, cancer surveillance, surgery, and ileo-anal pouch disorders","volume":"11","author":"Magro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw168","article-title":"3rd European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn\u2019s disease 2016: part 1: diagnosis and medical management","volume":"11","author":"Gomoll\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"40","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6053","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i40.6053","article-title":"Ultrasound-based techniques for the diagnosis of liver steatosis","volume":"25","author":"Ferraioli","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2017.12.003","article-title":"Documento de consenso. Manejo de la enfermedad hep\u00e1tica grasa no alcoh\u00f3lica (EHGNA). Gu\u00eda de pr\u00e1ctica cl\u00ednica","volume":"41","author":"Aller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324243","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"M\u00f3zes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"11","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0206450","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206450","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in underweight patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study","volume":"13","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy200","article-title":"Screening for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in inflammatory bowel diseases: a cohort study using transient elastography","volume":"25","author":"Saroli Palumbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"13","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.02.045","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease is associated with an increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study using magnetic resonance proton density fat fraction mapping","volume":"17","author":"McHenry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30077-7","article-title":"Global prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of non-obese or lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001270","article-title":"The prevalence of lean\/nonobese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14327","article-title":"Significant burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with advanced fibrosis in the US: a cross-sectional analysis of 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"46","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S247379","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Rahimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2017.03.014","article-title":"Methotrexate hepatotoxicity and the impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"354","author":"Shetty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2337\/cd18-0026","article-title":"Patients with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are metabolically abnormal and have a higher risk for mortality","volume":"37","author":"Golabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13069","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics and mortality outcomes of obese, nonobese and lean NAFLD in the United States, 1999-2016","volume":"288","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intern Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-021-04065-8","article-title":"Disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients is associated with increased liver fat content and liver fibrosis during follow-up","volume":"37","author":"van Lingen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0252286","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252286","article-title":"Evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease using controlled attenuation parameter technology: a Taiwanese retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Yen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001085","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"23","author":"Glassner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.01.041","article-title":"The origins and drivers of insulin resistance","volume":"152","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09621-1","article-title":"Lean NAFLD: an underrecognized and challenging disorder in medicine","volume":"22","author":"Maier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322564","article-title":"Caucasian lean subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease share long-term prognosis of non-lean: time for reappraisal of BMI-driven approach","volume":"71","author":"Younes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27368","article-title":"Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up","volume":"61","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatol Baltim Md"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.039","article-title":"Increased risk of MAFLD and liver fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease independent of classic metabolic risk factors","volume":"21","author":"Rodriguez-Duque","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13042","article-title":"The prevalence of NAFLD and NASH among patients with psoriasis in a tertiary care dermatology and rheumatology clinic","volume":"41","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15764","article-title":"High prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among hidradenitis suppurativa patients independent of classic metabolic risk factors","volume":"33","author":"Dur\u00e1n-Vian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"issue":"2022","key":"2024080105524140300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997270","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.997270","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in inflammatory arthritis: relationship with cardiovascular risk","volume":"13","author":"Barbarroja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."}],"container-title":["Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ibd\/izad175\/56534958\/izad175.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/30\/8\/1274\/58588480\/izad175.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/30\/8\/1274\/58588480\/izad175.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T03:51:46Z","timestamp":1722484306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article\/30\/8\/1274\/7248521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izad175","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-0998","1536-4844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-0998","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]}}}