{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T13:06:19Z","timestamp":1792415179442,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 infection. However, most studies are single-center, and nationwide data in the United States are lacking. This study aimed to investigate hospital-related outcomes and predictors of these outcomes in patients with IBD and COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The National Inpatient Sample and National Readmission database were queried for all the patient hospitalizations with IBD with concurrent COVID-19 in the study group and non-COVID-19 related hospitalizations in the control group. For patients under 18 years, elective and trauma-related hospitalizations were excluded. Primary outcomes included mortality, septic shock, mechanical ventilation, and intensive care utilization. Secondary outcomes included length of stay and total hospitalization costs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From this query, 8865 adult patients with IBD and COVID-19 were identified. These patients were relatively older (62.8 vs 57.7 years, P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01), and the majority were females (52.1% with COVID-19 vs 55.2% without COVID-19). Patients with IBD and COVID-19 had higher mortality (12.24% vs 2.55%; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01), increased incidence of septic shock (7.9% vs 4.4%; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01), mechanical ventilation (11.5% vs 3.7%; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01), and intensive care utilization (12% vs 4.6%; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01). These patients also had higher mean length of stay (8.28 days vs 5.47 days; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01) and total hospitalization costs ($21\u2005390 vs $16\u2005468; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01) than those without COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with IBD and COVID-19 have worse outcomes, with a higher incidence of severe COVID-19 disease, leading to higher mortality rates, longer lengths of stay, and increased total hospitalization costs. Encouraging preventive health measures and treating promptly with advanced COVID-19 therapies may improve outcomes and decrease the healthcare burden.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T16:50:24Z","timestamp":1695142224000},"page":"1334-1344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Predictors of Hospital-related Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Early Pandemic Phase: A Nationwide Inpatient Database Survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9400-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadija","family":"Naseem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Sohail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics , Iowa City, IA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu","family":"Quang Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bret","family":"Lashner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffry","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1571-1548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Cominelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7681-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Regueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Mansoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102906181730500_CIT0001","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102906181730500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14657","article-title":"Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: a review","volume":"76","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102906181730500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15893","article-title":"intestinal inflammation, COVID-19 and gastrointestinal ACE2-exploring RAS inhibitors. 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