{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T09:26:01Z","timestamp":1768987561017,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Birgitta and G\u00f6ran Karlssons Research Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003748","name":"Swedish Society for Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation","award":["FAS2004-1775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAS2004-1775"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation","award":["FAS2004-1775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAS2004-1775"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K2005-72X-11242-11A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2005-72X-11242-11A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K2008-69X-20826-01-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2008-69X-20826-01-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K2008-69X-20826-01-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2008-69X-20826-01-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010805","name":"Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K 98-99D-12813-01A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K 98-99D-12813-01A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sweden and Joanna Cocozza Foundation"},{"name":"Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to investigate whether early-life hygiene-related factors influenced the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a Scandinavian population and test the association\u2019s consistency across cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study followed 117 493 participants in the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study and the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. IBD diagnoses were defined by national registers. Comprehensive data on hygiene-related exposures, such as having pets, rural living, daycare attendance, and siblings, were retrieved from questionnaires administered from pregnancy until child\u2019s age of 36 months. A multivariable Cox regression model yielded adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for IBD accounting for socioeconomic status and perinatal factors. Cohort-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effects model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In over 2 024 299 person-years of follow-up 451 participants developed IBD. In pooled estimates children attending daycare up to 36 months of life vs not attending daycare were less likely to develop Crohn\u2019s disease (aHR, 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37- 0.98). Children having 1 or more siblings had a modestly increased risk of IBD (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.96-1.42; aHR for each sibling, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.24). The other hygiene factors were not significantly linked to later IBD. In the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study cohort, bed sharing was associated with an increased risk of IBD, most notably for ulcerative colitis (aHR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.01-2.78).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this birth cohort study from 2 high-income Scandinavian countries, some early-life hygiene-related exposures were associated with IBD risk. The generalizability of these results to countries of other socioeconomic level is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T11:52:25Z","timestamp":1699012345000},"page":"1820-1830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Early-Life Hygiene-Related Factors and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scandinavian Birth Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4635-1183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"\u00d6stensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Data Centre, Sahlgrenska 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,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"M\u00e5rild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children\u2019s Hospital , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2024100305550525400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.12.282","article-title":"Twenty-first century trends in the global Epidemiology of Pediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: systematic 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