{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T03:10:25Z","timestamp":1774408225337,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003035","name":"Aase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Corticosteroids, thiopurines, and biologics may come into play during pregnancy in women with inflammatory bowel disease and potentially impact the developing fetal immune system. We aimed to assess the risk of serious infections in children stratified by in utero exposure to biologics and immunomodulators or concomitant treatment with corticosteroids.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All singleton IBD pregnancies between 2008 and 2022 at a tertiary IBD center in Denmark were included. Maternal and offspring demographics, maternal disease activity, antenatal medical treatment, and infant infections resulting in hospital admission were recorded after review of medical records.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 602 live births (99.0%), we registered exposure to antenatal treatment as follows: biological monotherapy (n\u2005=\u200561, 10.2%), thiopurines (n\u2005=\u2005110, 17.9%), biologics and concomitant thiopurines (n\u2005=\u200563, 10.3%), and controls (ie, no treatment with biological and\/or thiopurines; n\u2005=\u2005369, 60.6%). Preterm delivery (&amp;lt;37 gestational weeks) and systemic steroid administration during the third trimester were associated with an increased risk of serious infection in the offspring immediately after birth (relative risk =\u200517.5; 95% confidence interval, 7.8-39.8; P &amp;lt; .001, and relative risk\u2005=\u20054.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-12.7; P\u2005=\u20050.003, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Intra-uterine exposure to biologics or combination treatment were not associated with a statistically significant higher risk of serious infections compared with controls; however, combination treatment showed an inclination towards an increased risk across analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Preterm birth and systemic corticosteroid administration late in pregnancy are significant risk factors for serious infections in the offspring of IBD mothers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T15:57:37Z","timestamp":1704988657000},"page":"2297-2305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Preterm Birth and in Utero Exposure to Corticosteroids Are Associated With Increased Infection Risk in Children of Mothers With IBD"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5373-8661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thea","family":"Vestergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Holm Meiltoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3070-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette","family":"Julsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease [PREDICT], Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rikke","family":"Bek Helmig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tufts Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2024121018554065700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17348","article-title":"Predictors of disease activity during pregnancy in women with inflammatory bowel disease-a Danish cohort study","volume":"57","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121018554065700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.501","article-title":"Long-term safety of in utero exposure to anti-TNF\u03b1 drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: results from the multicenter European TEDDY study","volume":"113","author":"Chaparro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2024121018554065700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319129","article-title":"Health outcomes of 1000 children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease in their first 5 years of life","volume":"70","author":"Kanis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121018554065700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.038","article-title":"Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes after fetal exposure to biologics and thiopurines among women with inflammatory 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