{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:15:35Z","timestamp":1790673335242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001232","name":"Royal Australasian College of Physicians","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001232","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"New Zealand Society of Gastroenterology Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biomarkers have been proposed as surrogate treatment targets for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, their relationship with IBD-related complications remains unclear. This study investigated the utility of neutrophil biomarkers fecal calprotectin (fCal) and fecal myeloperoxidase (fMPO) in predicting a complicated IBD course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with IBD were followed for 24 months to assess for a complicated IBD course (incident corticosteroid use, medication escalation for clinical disease relapse, IBD-related hospitalizations\/surgeries). Clinically active IBD was defined as Harvey-Bradshaw index &amp;gt;4 for Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and simple clinical colitis activity index &amp;gt;5 for ulcerative colitis (UC). Area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curves (AUROC) and multivariable logistic regression assessed the performance of baseline symptom indices, fCal, and fMPO in predicting a complicated disease IBD course at 24 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and seventy-one participants were included (CD, n\u2005=\u200599; female, n\u2005=\u200590; median disease duration 13 years [interquartile range, 5-22]). Baseline fCal (250 \u03bcg\/g; AUROC\u2005=\u20050.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.84) and fMPO (12 \u03bcg\/g; AUROC\u2005=\u20050.77; 95% CI, 0.70-0.84) predicted a complicated IBD course. Fecal calprotectin (adjusted OR =\u20057.85; 95% CI, 3.38-18.26) and fMPO (adjusted OR =\u20054.43; 95% CI, 2.03-9.64) were associated with this end point after adjustment for other baseline variables including clinical disease activity. C-reactive protein (CRP) was inferior to fecal biomarkers and clinical symptoms (pdifference &amp;lt; .05) at predicting a complicated IBD course. A combination of baseline CRP, fCal\/fMPO, and clinical symptoms provided the greatest precision at identifying a complicated IBD course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fecal biomarkers are independent predictors of IBD-related outcomes and are useful adjuncts to routine clinical care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T09:00:20Z","timestamp":1707210020000},"page":"28-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Comparison of Fecal Calprotectin and Myeloperoxidase in Predicting Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1954-844X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch ,","place":["New Zealand"]},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G M","family":"Borichevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u0101tai H\u0101ora, Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C M","family":"Frampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2290-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A S","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M B","family":"Hampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u0101tai H\u0101ora, Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A J","family":"Kettle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u0101tai H\u0101ora, Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R B","family":"Gearry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch ,","place":["New Zealand"]},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"27","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2002697","article-title":"Pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"383","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.24","article-title":"The role of neutrophils during intestinal inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Fournier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm5120118","article-title":"The dual role of neutrophils in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"5","author":"W\u00e9ra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"issue":"7985","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91845-6","article-title":"Neutrophil function and myeloperoxidase activity in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"308","author":"Renz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324855","article-title":"Calprotectin: from biomarker to biological function","volume":"70","author":"Jukic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jjac098","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac098","article-title":"Fecal myeloperoxidase as a biomarker of endoscopic activity in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"16","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.12.031","article-title":"STRIDE-II: an update on the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE) Initiative of the International Organization for the Study of IBD (IOIBD): determining therapeutic goals for treat-to-target strategies in IBD","volume":"160","author":"Turner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"10114","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32641-7","article-title":"Effect of tight control management on Crohn\u2019s disease (CALM): a multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"390","author":"Colombel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.043","article-title":"Incremental benefit of achieving endoscopic and histologic remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"11","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.02.017","article-title":"Association between level of fecal calprotectin and progression of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Kennedy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.01.001","article-title":"Correlation between the Crohn\u2019s disease activity and Harvey\u2013Bradshaw indices in assessing Crohn\u2019s disease severity","volume":"8","author":"Vermeire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0012","first-page":"A1","article-title":"1. Use of the simple clinical colitis activity index (sccai) to define relapse of ulcerative colitis (uc)","volume":"48","author":"Jowett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.1.29","article-title":"A simple clinical colitis activity index","volume":"43","author":"Walmsley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21300","article-title":"Endoscopic evaluation of Crohn\u2019s disease activity: comparison of the CDEIS and the SES-CD","volume":"16","author":"Sipponen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.07.024","article-title":"Reliability and initial validation of the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity","volume":"145","author":"Travis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gox016","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) versus Mayo Endoscopic Score (MES) in guiding the need for colectomy in patients with acute severe colitis","volume":"6","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.10.014","article-title":"Intestinal barrier healing is superior to endoscopic and histologic remission for predicting major adverse outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease: the prospective ERIca trial","volume":"164","author":"Rath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0018","first-page":"445","article-title":"Development and validation of risk matrices for Crohn\u2019s disease outcomes in patients who underwent early therapeutic interventions","volume":"11","author":"Dias","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy168","article-title":"Development and validation of risk matrices concerning ulcerative colitis outcomes\u2014Bayesian network analysis","volume":"13","author":"Magro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Index for rating diagnostic tests","volume":"3","author":"Youden","year":"1950","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","article-title":"Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach","volume":"44","author":"DeLong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrics."},{"key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i6","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6","article-title":"Net benefit approaches to the evaluation of prediction models, molecular markers, and diagnostic tests","volume":"352","author":"Vickers","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X06295361","article-title":"Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models","volume":"26","author":"Vickers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Decis Making."},{"key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-019-0064-7","article-title":"A simple, step-by-step guide to interpreting decision curve analysis","volume":"3","author":"Vickers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagn Progn Res"},{"issue":"46","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6782","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i46.6782","article-title":"Utility of fecal calprotectin analysis in adult inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000057","article-title":"Meta-analysis: fecal calprotectin for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease activity","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.08.022","article-title":"Normalization of fecal calprotectin within 12 months of diagnosis is associated with reduced risk of disease progression in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Plevris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000173271.18319.53","article-title":"Correlation of C-reactive protein with clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and radiographic activity in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"11","author":"Solem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0029","first-page":"2254","article-title":"Silent Crohn\u2019s disease: asymptomatic patients with elevated C-reactive protein are at risk for subsequent hospitalization","volume":"21","author":"Click","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21933","article-title":"High-sensitivity C-reactive protein for identification of disease phenotype, active disease, and clinical relapses in Crohn\u02bcs disease: a marker for patient classification","volume":"18","author":"Sandor Kiss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025010605535411800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001140","article-title":"Comparative acceptability and perceived clinical utility of monitoring tools: a nationwide survey of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"23","author":"Buisson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."}],"container-title":["Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ibd\/izae032\/56779127\/izae032.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ibd\/izae032\/56779127\/izae032.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ibd\/izae032\/56779127\/izae032.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:54:17Z","timestamp":1736124857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article\/31\/1\/28\/7615774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izae032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-0998","1536-4844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-0998","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]}}}