{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:08:49Z","timestamp":1787987329040,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates fermented by gut bacteria into metabolites that confer health benefits. However, evidence on their role for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. This study systematically evaluated the research on prebiotics for treatment of IBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Eligible articles included randomized controlled trials or prospective observational studies that compared a prebiotic with a placebo or lower-dose control in patients with IBD. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models for the outcomes of clinical remission, clinical relapse, and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventeen studies were included. For induction of clinical remission in ulcerative colitis (UC), the fructooligosaccharide (FOS) kestose was effective (relative risk, 2.75, 95% confidence interval, 1.05-7.20; n\u2005=\u200540), but oligofructose-enriched inulin (OF-IN) and lactulose were not. For maintenance of remission in UC, germinated barley foodstuff trended toward preventing clinical relapse (relative risk, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-1.03; n\u2005=\u200559), but OF-IN, oat bran, and Plantago ovata did not. For Crohn\u2019s disease, OF-IN and lactulose were no different than controls for induction of remission, and FOS was no different than controls for maintenance of remission. Flatulence and bloating were more common with OF-IN; reported adverse events were otherwise similar to controls for other prebiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prebiotics, particularly FOS and germinated barley foodstuff, show potential as effective and safe dietary supplements for induction and maintenance of remission in UC, respectively. The overall certainty of evidence was very low. There would be benefit in further investigation on the role of prebiotics as treatment adjuncts for IBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T08:38:16Z","timestamp":1715243896000},"page":"1220-1230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Prebiotics for Induction and Maintenance of Remission in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2714-6934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berkeley N","family":"Limketkai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Clinical Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gala","family":"Godoy-Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, FL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha D","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colitis and Crohn\u2019s Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, UCSF School of Medicine , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Welch Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9995-7942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa M","family":"Parian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard E","family":"Mullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2025051303562471700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533616674492","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"32","author":"Limketkai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract."},{"issue":"7484","key":"2025051303562471700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"6246","key":"2025051303562471700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254766","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254766","article-title":"Human Microbiota. 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