{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:05:53Z","timestamp":1786356353708,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence and disease course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have evolved over the years. It is unknown how these factors have impacted all-cause mortality. Our study assesses IBD mortality trends in the United States over 20 years by age, sex, and race.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used the Centers for Disease Control Wide-Ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research database for multiple causes of death in Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) from 1999 to 2020. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and crude mortality rates per 100\u2005000 population were obtained. Joinpoint Analysis Software was used for annual percentage change (APC) overall and by age, sex, and race (White and Black).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall AAMR in CD and UC were 0.79 and 0.53, respectively. All-cause mortality was stable from 1999 to 2018. There was a significant rise in APC from 2018 to 2020 (CD vs. UC, +11.28 vs. +9.29). This rise was observed across both races, sexes, and ages \u226545 years in the last 2\u20134 years of the study. AAMR in females compared with males varied in CD (0.81 vs. 0.79) and UC (0.45 vs. 0.62). White adults had higher AAMR than Black adults in both CD (0.94 vs. 0.50) and UC (0.58 vs. 0.28). The crude mortality rate increased with age and was highest in those \u226585 years (CD vs. UC, 5.07 vs. 5.23).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All-cause mortality trends in IBD were stable until 2018 and rose between 2018 and 2020. Mortality rates were higher amongst the elderly and White adults. Females with CD and males with UC had higher mortality rates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T22:38:24Z","timestamp":1726094304000},"page":"1574-1582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mortality Trends in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Age, Sex, and Race in the United States from 1999 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9573-2789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleha","family":"Aziz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anum","family":"Akhlaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS 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