{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:40:03Z","timestamp":1770914403685,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007028","name":"Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceuticals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may have diminished serologic response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and increased risk for subsequent severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We sought to describe outcomes among those who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination, characterize SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 1 year post-vaccination, and identify factors associated with durable serologic response.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We recruited children with IBD who received \u22652 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and prospectively collected data on (1) demographics, IBD characteristics, and therapy and (2) SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, testing, and infection symptoms. Serum was obtained for measurement of anti-receptor-binding domain IgG antibodies following a 2-part immunization at 12 and 52 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We enrolled 298 participants (mean age 11.9\u2005\u00b1\u20053.82, 50% female, 67% Crohn\u2019s disease). Symptomatic COVID-19 infection after vaccination occurred in half of the participants, although only 2 (1%) required hospitalization. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) was associated with higher likelihood of symptomatic COVID-19 infection, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.7 (95% CI, 1.5-5.0; P\u2005=\u2005.001). Nearly all participants (99%) had detectable antibody at Week 52. Children aged 1-5 years had lower 52-week antibody level compared to older children (P\u2005=\u2005.04), as did those on anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy (P\u2005=\u2005.007) and those who received only 2 vaccine doses prior to Week 52 (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 vaccination provides lasting serologic response and protection against severe COVID-19 for most children with IBD, despite the use of lower vaccine doses in younger children and wide-ranging classes of immunosuppressive therapies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T11:59:52Z","timestamp":1729079992000},"page":"1797-1805","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Durable Immune Response and Long-term Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccination in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2625-9390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur J","family":"Kastl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica J","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly N","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Allegheny Health Network , Pittsburgh, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Strople","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marla C","family":"Dubinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athos","family":"Bousvaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runa","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangfeng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond K","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter D R","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan C","family":"Ungaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Bewtra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuelle A","family":"Bellaguarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis A","family":"Farraye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, FL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly Y","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Esoterix LabCorp , Calabasas, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zikry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Esoterix LabCorp , Calabasas, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Bastidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Esoterix LabCorp , Calabasas, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann M","family":"Firestine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riley G","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margie E","family":"Boccieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5983-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Millie D","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0469-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D","family":"Kappelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Jun","key":"2025070803364811300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104371","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin 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