{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:42:57Z","timestamp":1788349377391,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10.55776\/COE7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.55776\/COE7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fecal microbiome of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is characterized by longitudinal variability. It remains unknown if this is caused by decreased resilience of the microbiome to external factors. We investigated the influence of osmotic diarrhea induced by bowel preparation as a disruptive factor on the fecal microbiome in IBD patients and healthy comparators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective, single-center study including IBD patients and healthy controls scheduled for colonoscopy with uniform bowel preparation. Fecal samples were collected at 7 time points prior, during, and until 3 months after the intervention. 16S rRNA was isolated from stool and sequenced using the Illumina technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-two IBD patients and 17 healthy controls were included in the study. Baseline diversity was higher in healthy controls. Bowel preparation longitudinally decreased alpha diversity and altered beta diversity and taxonomic composition in both groups. Alterations were more pronounced in healthy controls, and the microbial composition converged between the 2 groups. Bowel preparation resulted in an increased relative abundance of Anaerostipes and Coprococcus in both groups and in decreased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Clostridium sensu stricto in IBD patients and of Eubacterium hallii group and Ruminococcus in healthy controls. Changes largely restored to baseline composition within 1 week in both groups and remained stable thereafter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bowel preparation induced reversible short-term microbial perturbations which were less pronounced in IBD patients than in healthy comparators suggesting that a single external disruptive factor may have less impact on an already altered fecal microbiome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaf053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T15:28:16Z","timestamp":1740756496000},"page":"2007-2018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Fecal Microbiome of IBD Patients Is Less Divertible by Bowel Preparation Compared to Healthy Controls: Results From a Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9338-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Blesl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Halwachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Baumann-Durchschein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"F\u00fcrst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Constantini-Kump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heimo","family":"Wenzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Gorkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"BioTechMed , Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"H\u00f6genauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"BioTechMed , Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10401","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00966-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"402","author":"Le Berre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9050977","article-title":"Systematic review: the gut microbiome and its potential clinical application in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"Aldars-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"7758","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1237-9","article-title":"Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"569","author":"Lloyd-Price","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321106","article-title":"Ranking microbiome variance in inflammatory bowel disease: a large longitudinal intercontinental study","volume":"70","author":"Clooney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2019.06.012","article-title":"Gut microbiota, dysbiosis and colon lavage","volume":"51","author":"Drago","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis."},{"key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17004","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.4","article-title":"Dynamics of the human gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"2","author":"Halfvarson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1197-2","article-title":"Persistent psychological or physical symptoms following endoscopic procedures: an unrecognized post-endoscopy adverse event","volume":"55","author":"Berzin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.108266","article-title":"Effect of bowel preparation and colonoscopy on post-procedure intestinal microbiota composition","volume":"55","author":"Mai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32545","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032545","article-title":"Standard colonic lavage alters the natural state of mucosal-associated microbiota in the human colon","volume":"7","author":"Harrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55817","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055817","article-title":"Alterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea","volume":"8","author":"Gorkiewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307240","article-title":"Effects of bowel cleansing on the intestinal microbiota","volume":"64","author":"Jalanka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62815","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062815","article-title":"Impact of colonoscopy bowel preparation on intestinal microbiota","volume":"8","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000581","article-title":"Persisting changes of intestinal microbiota after bowel lavage and colonoscopy","volume":"28","author":"Drago","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40182-9","article-title":"Effects of bowel preparation on the human gut microbiome and metabolome","volume":"9","author":"Nagata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"10080","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31711-1","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"389","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"10080","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy113","article-title":"ECCO-ESGAR guideline for diagnostic assessment in IBD part 1: initial diagnosis, monitoring of known IBD, detection of complications","volume":"13","author":"Maaser","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80163-1","article-title":"Development of a Crohn\u2019s disease activity index. National cooperative Crohn\u2019s disease study","volume":"70","author":"Best","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"26","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198712243172603","article-title":"Coated oral 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized study","volume":"317","author":"Schroeder","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5107(04)01878-4","article-title":"Development and validation of a new, simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn\u2019s disease: the SES-CD","volume":"60","author":"Daperno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5107(03)02875-x","article-title":"Validation of a new scale for the assessment of bowel preparation quality","volume":"59","author":"Rostom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc."},{"key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02012","article-title":"16S based microbiome analysis from healthy subjects\u2019 skin swabs stored for different storage periods reveal phylum to genus level changes","volume":"7","author":"Klymiuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13023","article-title":"Every base matters: assessing small subunit rRNA primers for marine microbiomes with mock communities, time series and global field samples","volume":"18","author":"Parada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3354\/ame01753","article-title":"Minor revision to V4 region SSU rRNA 806R gene primer greatly increases detection of SAR11 bacterioplankton","volume":"75","author":"Apprill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquat Microb Ecol."},{"issue":"17","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5112","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01043-13","article-title":"Development of a dual-index sequencing strategy and curation pipeline for analyzing amplicon sequence data on the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform","volume":"79","author":"Kozich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Methods."},{"issue":"Database Issue","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.10.022","article-title":"Fecal microbial load is a major determinant of gut microbiome variation and a confounder for disease associations","volume":"188","author":"Nishijima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.133","article-title":"An effective distance metric for microbial community comparison","volume":"5","author":"Lozupone","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","article-title":"Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation","volume":"12","author":"Segata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.09.056","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and the microbiome-searching the crime scene for clues","volume":"160","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"7695","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25973","article-title":"Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota","volume":"555","author":"Rothschild","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.05.022","article-title":"Discovery of disease-adapted bacterial lineages in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"32","author":"Kumbhari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2015.06.011","article-title":"Proteobacteria: microbial signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota","volume":"33","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0036","first-page":"9351507","article-title":"A common factor in human diseases","volume":"2017","author":"Rizzatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.02.012","article-title":"A relevant minority for the maintenance of gut homeostasis","volume":"50","author":"Binda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.54","article-title":"The effects of bowel preparation on microbiota-related metrics differ in health and in inflammatory bowel disease and for the mucosal and luminal microbiota compartments","volume":"7","author":"Shobar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17562848231174298","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848231174298","article-title":"Effects of bowel cleansing on the composition of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease patients and healthy controls","volume":"16","author":"Bacsur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7681","key":"2025070803370079300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24460","article-title":"Quantitative microbiome profiling links gut community variation to microbial load","volume":"551","author":"Vandeputte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature."}],"container-title":["Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ibd\/izaf053\/63025118\/izaf053.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/31\/7\/2007\/63025118\/izaf053.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/31\/7\/2007\/63025118\/izaf053.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T03:37:08Z","timestamp":1751945828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article\/31\/7\/2007\/8121482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izaf053","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-0998","1536-4844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-0998","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]}}}