{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T08:02:46Z","timestamp":1783497766084,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011684","name":"Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32DK134043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32DK134043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 DK062708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DK062708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK125687"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK125687"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK 118154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK 118154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"American College of Gastroenterology Junior Faculty Career Development Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals often experience more discrimination and worse health than non-SGM people. Less is known about SGM individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We studied IBD outcomes, discrimination, illness-related stigma, and SGM status in a cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 1586 IBD Partners e-cohort participants self-reported sexual orientation, gender identity, and prior IBD treatment. They completed the Short Crohn\u2019s Disease Activity Index or Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index, the Everyday Discrimination Scale, and the Paradox of Self Stigma (PASS-24) scale. We performed regression analyses controlling for age, race, disease duration, and IBD type.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SGM people were 7.8% (n\u2005=\u2005124) of the cohort. SGM participants were younger than non-SGM participants (median age 40 vs. 54 years, P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). Among SGM individuals, 67% (n\u2005=\u200574) were in remission based on disease activity scores. Among non-SGM individuals, 74% (n\u2005=\u2005936) were in remission (P\u2005=\u2005.097). Similar proportions of SGM and non-SGM persons reported prior IBD-related hospitalization (40% vs. 37%, P\u2005=\u2005.426; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-1.45) and IBD-related surgery (52% vs. 54%, P\u2005=\u2005.707, aOR 1.25, 95% CI, 0.81-1.94). SGM respondents reported more discrimination (71% vs. 47%, P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001), and 43% of SGM individuals reported healthcare-related discrimination versus 21% of non-SGM individuals (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). SGM persons also endorsed more internalized stigma (median PASS-24 scores 53 vs. 47, P\u2005=\u2005.026).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SGM individuals with IBD are more likely to experience discrimination, including in healthcare, and illness-related stigma. These may significantly impact the quality of life and should be considered in the care of SGM people with IBD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaf054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T12:45:48Z","timestamp":1744116348000},"page":"2429-2437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Health Outcomes, Discrimination, and Stigma Among Sexual and Gender Minority People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8279-1111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kira L","family":"Newman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4169-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia A","family":"Wren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5983-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Millie D","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1602-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter D R","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0001","article-title":"U.S. LGBT identification steady at 7.2%","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gallup"},{"key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Overview and Methods for the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System - United States, 2021","volume-title":"MMWR Suppl","author":"Mpofu","year":"2023"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab012","article-title":"Sexual identity differences in access to and satisfaction with health care: findings from nationally representative data","volume":"190","author":"Fish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-019-00120-6","article-title":"The relationship between minority stress and biological outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Flentje","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Behav Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.008","article-title":"Research considerations in digestive and liver disease in transgender and gender-diverse populations","volume":"21","author":"Newman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","article-title":"Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence","volume":"129","author":"Meyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S83533","article-title":"A systematic review of disease-related stigmatization in patients living with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"Taft","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.11.048","article-title":"A systematic review of inflammatory bowel disease epidemiology and health outcomes in sexual and gender minority individuals","volume":"164","author":"Newman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.12968\/gasn.2014.12.6.19","article-title":"Experiences of gay and lesbian patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a mixed methods study","volume":"12","author":"Dibley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastrointes Nurs."},{"issue":"11","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.087254","article-title":"Physical health complaints among lesbians, gay men, and bisexual and homosexually experienced heterosexual individuals: results from the California Quality of Life Survey","volume":"97","author":"Cochran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303922","article-title":"Chronic health conditions and key health indicators among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older US adults, 2013-2014","volume":"107","author":"Fredriksen-Goldsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-018-1060-x","article-title":"Cancer diagnoses among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults: results from the 2013-2016 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"29","author":"Gonzales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.3432","article-title":"Comparison of health and health risk factors between lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults and heterosexual adults in the United States: results from the National Health Interview Survey","volume":"176","author":"Gonzales","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0014","volume-title":"Disparities in Health Care Access and Health Among Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals in California","author":"Wolstein","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2019.100864","article-title":"Inequalities in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health and health care access and utilization in Wisconsin","volume":"14","author":"Jennings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e020418","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020418","article-title":"Sexual orientation-related disparities in employment, health insurance, healthcare access and health-related quality of life: a cohort study of US male and female adolescents and young adults","volume":"8","author":"Charlton","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"11","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22895","article-title":"Development of an internet-based cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (CCFA Partners): methodology and initial results","volume":"18","author":"Long","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0018","author":"National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion DoPH","year":"2023","journal-title":"BRFSS Questionnaires"},{"key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0019","author":"Kruger","journal-title":"Generations\u2014A Study of the Life and Health of LGB People in a Changing Society (Methodology and Technical Notes, Gallup Quantitative Survey) 2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200305","article-title":"Racial differences in physical and mental health: socio-economic status, stress and discrimination","volume":"2","author":"Williams","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Health Psychol."},{"key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0021","volume-title":"Examining Risk Factors for HIV and Access to Services Among Female Sex Workers (FSW) and Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Burkina Faso, Togo and Cameroon","author":"Papworth","year":"2014"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.03.006","article-title":"Experiences of discrimination: validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health","volume":"61","author":"Krieger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm1102_4","article-title":"Validation of the Detroit Area Study Discrimination Scale in a community sample of older African American adults: the Pittsburgh Healthy Heart Project","volume":"11","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-021-00325-7","article-title":"Measuring the paradox of self-stigma: psychometric properties of a brief scale","volume":"20","author":"Golay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490209552133","article-title":"A brief telephone interview to identify lesbian and bisexual women in random digit dialing sampling","volume":"39","author":"Meyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Sex Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.10.019","article-title":"Evaluation of the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"12","author":"Kappelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13229","article-title":"Discrimination in the United States: experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer Americans","volume":"54","author":"Casey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Serv Res."},{"key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0028","volume-title":"The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding. The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Lesbian G, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and Opportunities","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1037\/h0098851","article-title":"Discrimination and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States","volume":"84","author":"Bostwick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry."},{"issue":"11","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.91.11.1869","article-title":"Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States","volume":"91","author":"Mays","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873642","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.873642","article-title":"LGBTQI cancer patients\u2019 quality of life and distress: a comparison by gender, sexuality, age, cancer type and geographical remoteness","volume":"12","author":"Ussher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300796","article-title":"Experiences of transgender-related discrimination and implications for health: results from the Virginia Transgender Health Initiative Study","volume":"103","author":"Bradford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12148","article-title":"Stigma, deviance and morality in young adults\u2019 accounts of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"36","author":"Saunders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9883-x","article-title":"Perceptions of illness stigma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Taft","year":"2011","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.142","article-title":"Increased risks of developing anxiety and depression in young patients with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"106","author":"Loftus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0036","volume-title":"Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation","author":"National Academies of Sciences E, and Medicine","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000441348.32570.34","article-title":"Validation of an internet-based cohort of inflammatory bowel disease (CCFA partners)","volume":"20","author":"Randell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-024-08635-8","article-title":"Lack of informed and affirming healthcare for sexual minority men: a call for patient-centered care","volume":"39","author":"Hascher","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0039","volume-title":"National LGBTQIA+ Health Education Center","author":"Center NLHE"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.01.011","article-title":"Approaching digestive health care in transgender and gender-diverse communities","volume":"166","author":"Velez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001804","article-title":"Digestive health in sexual and gender minority populations","volume":"117","author":"Velez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2018.03.013","article-title":"Improving emergency health care workers\u2019 knowledge, competency, and attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients through interdisciplinary cultural competency training","volume":"44","author":"Bristol","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2021.1901505","article-title":"Impact of an LGBTQ cultural competence training program for providers on knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and intensions","volume":"69","author":"Rhoten","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Homosex."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2019.1696104","article-title":"A trauma-informed exploration of the mental health and community support experiences of transgender and gender-expansive adults","volume":"68","author":"Hall","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Homosex."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.07.012","article-title":"Working with trauma in the gastroenterology setting","volume":"51","author":"Jagielski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025092307422776800_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-023-00879-4","article-title":"Providing trauma informed care during anorectal evaluation","volume":"25","author":"Jagielski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep."}],"container-title":["Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ibd\/izaf054\/62888085\/izaf054.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/31\/9\/2429\/62888085\/izaf054.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/31\/9\/2429\/62888085\/izaf054.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T11:45:42Z","timestamp":1758627942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article\/31\/9\/2429\/8108102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izaf054","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-0998","1536-4844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-0998","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]}}}