{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:37:12Z","timestamp":1789141032096,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011684","name":"Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK124570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK124570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 DK067872-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DK067872-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), social determinants of health contribute to health inequalities. We aimed to compare patients with IBD treated at a private nonprofit vs public hospital in New York City.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective study of adult patients with Crohn\u2019s disease or ulcerative colitis with established IBD care. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, healthcare utilization, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes were collected. Using a series of linear mixed and logistic models, the differences between care at a private nonprofit vs public hospital were assessed while controlling for factors that differed between them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study included 418 patients with IBD, 209 from each hospital. Compared with public hospital patients, private hospital patients were more likely to be White, be non-Hispanic, and have private insurance (all P\u2009=\u2009.0005) and less likely to face housing instability (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001), face unemployment (P\u2009=\u2009.0004), be current smokers (P\u2009=\u2009.03), or be foreign born (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001). Patients at the private hospital were more likely to have multiple anti-tumor necrosis factor (P\u2009=\u2009.0001) and biologic use (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001). Public hospital patients were less likely to be considered endoscopically adherent (odds ratio [OR], 0.377; P\u2009=\u2009.001) and more likely to visit the emergency department (OR, 5.01; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001) and be hospitalized (OR, 1.92; P\u2009=\u2009.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study is the first to identify significant differences in patient demographics, disease phenotype, treatments and clinical outcomes between patients treated for IBD at a private nonprofit vs public hospital. Our data suggest that social determinants of health drive disparities in the utilization of healthcare facilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaf174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T11:18:13Z","timestamp":1752837493000},"page":"3370-3378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Disparities in Outcomes for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease at a Private vs Public Hospital in New York City"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6778-8109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barathi","family":"Sivasailam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Digestive Care, Rockville , MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5650-3393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeline","family":"Alizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4026-5041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Malter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1951-7790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan E","family":"Axelrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120914524870000_izaf174-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.07.003","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and racial and ethnic distribution of inflammatory bowel disease in the United States","volume":"165","author":"Lewis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"2025120914524870000_izaf174-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756284819827692","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284819827692","article-title":"Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease by race and ethnicity in a population-based inception cohort from 1970 through 2010","volume":"12","author":"Aniwan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025120914524870000_izaf174-B3","volume":"2023","author":"Healthy People 2030","journal-title":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion"},{"key":"2025120914524870000_izaf174-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.03.011","article-title":"The impact of the social determinants of health on disparities in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"20","author":"Anyane-Yeboa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2025120914524870000_izaf174-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.08.024","article-title":"County health rankings: relationships between determinant factors and health outcomes","volume":"50","author":"Hood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"key":"2025120914524870000_izaf174-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000794","article-title":"Social determinants of outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"115","author":"Bernstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025120914524870000_izaf174-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22429-z","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and race are both independently associated with increased hospitalization rate among Crohn\u2019s disease patients","volume":"8","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2025120914524870000_izaf174-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.08.064","article-title":"MD. 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