{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T22:16:57Z","timestamp":1780352217275,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007658","name":"Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007658","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMF108031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMF108031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007028","name":"Helmsley Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-02021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-02021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011684","name":"Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis, collectively known as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), are chronic gastrointestinal diseases with poorly characterized pathophysiology. Recent advancements in the identification of preclinical biomarkers of IBD have shed some insight into our ability to predict or prevent these conditions. This review discusses the growing body of research on biomarkers ranging from genetics, measures of gut permeability, and microbiome signatures to circulating proteomics and metabolomics. In addition, the review will highlight the potential application of these biomarkers for early detection and risk stratification of IBD. Notably, proteomic markers such as CXCL9 and MMP-10, along with metabolic perturbations detectable prior to clinical diagnosis, provide promising avenues for understanding IBD pathogenesis and guiding prevention strategies. Furthermore, the development of integrative risk scores, combining multiomic data with demographic and lifestyle factors, could offer a personalized approach to disease prediction and prevention. While these advances present significant opportunities, challenges remain in data complexity and variability of biomarkers. This review emphasizes the importance of continued longitudinal studies and clinical trials to validate predictive models. Ultimately, the integration of early risk prediction holds the potential to reduce IBD incidence through targeted, proactive strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaf197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:19:28Z","timestamp":1760343568000},"page":"S41-S50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["IBD Prediction Is Possible, but How Far Are We from Implementing It?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-5868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Williams","family":"Turpin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Kalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Center, Gastroenterology Unit, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0122-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Halfvarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , \u00d6rebro,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1231-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Croitoru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08940-0","article-title":"Global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease across epidemiologic stages","volume":"642","author":"Hracs","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf042","article-title":"Environmental risk factors of inflammatory bowel disease: toward a strategy of preventative health","volume":"19","author":"Chhibba","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.02.016","article-title":"Commentary on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in compounding prevalence nations: toward sustaining healthcare delivery","volume":"166","author":"Herauf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.06.049","article-title":"The cost of inflammatory bowel disease care: how to make it sustainable","volume":"23","author":"Burisch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.09.078","article-title":"Breaking through the therapeutic ceiling: what will it take?","volume":"162","author":"Raine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902226","article-title":"An anti-CD3 antibody, teplizumab, in relatives at risk for type 1 diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Herold","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B7","first-page":"14","article-title":"Familial and ethnic risk in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"31","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.054","article-title":"Familial risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study in South Korea","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16938","article-title":"Age determines the risk of familial inflammatory bowel disease-a nationwide study","volume":"56","author":"Halfvarson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i14","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad212.0008","article-title":"OP08 Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of inflammatory bowel disease identifies 125 novel loci and directly implicates new genes in disease susceptibility","volume":"18","author":"Fachal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00742-5","article-title":"Polygenic risk scores: from research tools to clinical instruments","volume":"12","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.12.034","article-title":"Common and rare variant prediction and penetrance of IBD in a large, multi-ethnic, health system-based biobank cohort","volume":"160","author":"Gettler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002180","article-title":"The contribution of genetic risk and lifestyle factors in the development of adult-onset inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"118","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.08.031","article-title":"Healthy first-degree relatives from multiplex families vs simplex families have a higher subclinical intestinal inflammation, a distinct fecal microbial signature, and harbor a higher risk of developing Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"168","author":"Olivera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.50","article-title":"Familial risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study 1977-2011","volume":"110","author":"Moller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwad052","article-title":"Understanding predictors of Crohn\u2019s disease: determinants of altered barrier function in pre-disease phase of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Neustaeter","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Can Assoc Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628157","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/628157","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis, clinical evaluation, and therapy of leaky gut","volume":"2015","author":"Michielan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.08.005","article-title":"Increased intestinal permeability is associated with later development of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"159","author":"Turpin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70126-5","article-title":"Altered tight junction structure contributes to the impaired epithelial barrier function in ulcerative colitis","volume":"116","author":"Schmitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10258","article-title":"Alphavbeta6 is required in maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier function","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.12.042","article-title":"Anti-integrin \u03b1v\u03b26 autoantibodies are a novel biomarker that antedate ulcerative colitis","volume":"164","author":"Livanos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.07.004","article-title":"Altered gut microbiome composition and function are associated with gut barrier dysfunction in healthy relatives of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"163","author":"Leibovitzh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.03.049","article-title":"Environmental factors associated with risk of crohn\u2019s disease development in the Crohn\u2019s and colitis Canada\u2014genetic, environmental, microbial project","volume":"22","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy045","article-title":"Gut barrier dysfunction-a primary defect in twins with Crohn\u2019s disease predominantly caused by genetic predisposition","volume":"12","author":"Keita","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.02.003","article-title":"First-in-human assessment of gut permeability in Crohn\u2019s disease patients using fluorophore technology","volume":"3","author":"Holtz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-014-0189-7","article-title":"Intestinal permeability\u2014a new target for disease prevention and therapy","volume":"14","author":"Bischoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1237-9","article-title":"Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"569","author":"Lloyd-Price","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.01.004","article-title":"Gut microbiome signature in predisease phase of inflammatory bowel disease: prediction to pathogenesis to prevention","volume":"168","author":"Turpin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.12.004","article-title":"Novel fecal biomarkers that precede clinical diagnosis of ulcerative colitis","volume":"160","author":"Galipeau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.05.032","article-title":"Gut microbiome composition is associated with future onset of Crohn\u2019s disease in healthy first-degree relatives","volume":"165","author":"Raygoza Garay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03280-4","article-title":"Noninvasive, microbiome-based diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"30","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-1463-0_1","volume-title":"Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics: Human Microbiome and Human Health","author":"Patel","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109457","article-title":"Geographic differences in gut microbiota composition impact susceptibility to enteric infection","volume":"36","author":"Porras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S-550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(24)01735-9","article-title":"SA1850 stool from healthy first degree relatives of Crohn's disease patients who later develop Crohn's disease alters fecal metabolites and promotes inflammation in germ-free mice","volume":"166","author":"Dang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321747","article-title":"Gut microbiome stability and resilience: elucidating the response to perturbations in order to modulate gut health","volume":"70","author":"Fassarella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.49","article-title":"Physical fitness in adolescence and subsequent inflammatory bowel disease risk","volume":"6","author":"Melinder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.01.016","article-title":"Association between circulating levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 and risk of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Lochhead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1223-2","article-title":"A longitudinal study of fecal calprotectin and the development of inflammatory bowel disease in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"19","author":"Klingberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101263","article-title":"Characterizing the pre-clinical phase of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"4","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa269","article-title":"Fecal calprotectin is highly effective to detect endoscopic ulcerations in Crohn\u2019s disease regardless of disease location","volume":"27","author":"Buisson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092226","article-title":"Fecal calprotectin for small bowel Crohn\u2019s disease: is it a cutoff issue?","volume":"12","author":"Romero-Mascarell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B42","first-page":"77","article-title":"Faecal calprotectin","volume":"39","author":"Pathirana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890009011772","article-title":"Function of C-reactive protein","volume":"32","author":"Du Clos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00754","article-title":"Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection","volume":"9","author":"Sproston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.01.033","article-title":"Preclinical serological signatures are associated with complicated Crohn\u2019s disease phenotype at diagnosis","volume":"21","author":"Choung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B46","first-page":"100435","article-title":"Longitudinal monitoring of IL-6 and CRP in inflammatory bowel disease using IBD-AWARE","volume":"16","author":"Hirten","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron X"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.03.007","article-title":"Serum biomarkers identify patients who will develop inflammatory bowel diseases up to 5 years before diagnosis","volume":"159","author":"Torres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328421","article-title":"Immune response and barrier dysfunction-related proteomic signatures in preclinical phase of Crohn\u2019s disease highlight earliest events of pathogenesis","volume":"72","author":"Leibovitzh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.11.006","article-title":"Preclinical protein signatures of Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis: a nested case-control study within large population-based cohorts","volume":"168","author":"Gr\u00e4nn\u00f6","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.07.026","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in preclinical ulcerative colitis","volume":"161","author":"Bergemalm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.06.049","article-title":"Obesity is associated with increased risk of Crohn\u2019s disease, but not ulcerative colitis: a pooled analysis of five prospective cohort studies","volume":"20","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f6633","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f6633","article-title":"Physical activity and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective study from the Nurses\u2019 Health Study cohorts","volume":"347","author":"Khalili","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319505","article-title":"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk of later-onset Crohn\u2019s disease: results from two large prospective cohort studies","volume":"69","author":"Khalili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.196","article-title":"A prospective study of cigarette smoking and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease in women","volume":"107","author":"Higuchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00658-y","article-title":"The metabolic nature of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"19","author":"Adolph","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac246","article-title":"A randomized dietary intervention to increase colonic and peripheral blood short-chain fatty acids modulates the blood B- and T-cell compartments in healthy humans","volume":"116","author":"Gill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.09.007","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with prediagnostic perturbances in metabolic pathways","volume":"164","author":"Hua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1215-1","article-title":"Multi-omics approaches to disease","volume":"18","author":"Hasin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.08.021","article-title":"Development and validation of an integrative risk score for future risk of Crohn\u2019s disease in healthy first-degree relatives: a multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"168","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-020-02206-9","article-title":"A comparison of regularized logistic regression and random forest machine learning models for daytime diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"58","author":"Hajipour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-019-0162-1","article-title":"Quantitative methods for metabolomic analyses evaluated in the children\u2019s health exposure analysis resource (CHEAR)","volume":"30","author":"Mazzella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0118-x","article-title":"Redefining the IBDs using genome-scale molecular phenotyping","volume":"16","author":"Furey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e684","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp14X682261","article-title":"Patients\u2019 perspectives on providing a stool sample to their GP: a qualitative study","volume":"64","author":"Lecky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i2086","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad212.1307","article-title":"P1177 Perceptions of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and first degree relatives on prediction and prevention of disease","volume":"18","author":"Bravo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2200302","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.202200302","article-title":"Stability of clinical prediction models developed using statistical or machine learning methods","volume":"65","author":"Riley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3359","article-title":"Association analyses identify 38 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease and highlight shared genetic risk across populations","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2023.11.021","article-title":"Differential manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease based on race and immigration status","volume":"3","author":"Khalessi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000852","article-title":"Environmental hygiene and risk of inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Cholapranee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12319","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-022-01660-3","article-title":"Individual dynamic prediction of clinical endpoint from large dimensional longitudinal biomarker history: a landmark approach","volume":"22","author":"Devaux","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.09.034","article-title":"Gastrointestinal infection increases odds of inflammatory bowel disease in a nationwide case-control study","volume":"17","author":"Axelrad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0806","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes Trialnet: a multifaceted approach to bringing disease-modifying therapy to clinical use in type 1 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Bingley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3867","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12123867","article-title":"Gut feelings: the psychological impact of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Caballero-Mateos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200532","article-title":"Psychological consequences of predictive genetic testing: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Broadstock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjhci-2024-101153","article-title":"Patient perspective on predictive models in healthcare: translation into practice, ethical implications and limitations?","volume":"32","author":"Markham","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Health Care Inform"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.18263","article-title":"Review article: Prevention of inflammatory bowel disease-The path forward","volume":"60","author":"Bronze","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(23)00001-9","article-title":"Paving the way for evidence-based population screening for type 1 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Kordonouri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00350-9","article-title":"Islet autoantibody screening in at-risk adolescents to predict type 1 diabetes until young adulthood: a prospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Ghalwash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2017.72807","article-title":"The role of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Kurowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.12.024","article-title":"Physiological data collected from wearable devices identify and predict inflammatory bowel disease flares","volume":"168","author":"Hirten","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.07.009","article-title":"Anti-microbial antibody response is associated with future onset of Crohn\u2019s disease independent of biomarkers of altered gut barrier function, subclinical inflammation, and genetic risk","volume":"161","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B82","first-page":"386","article-title":"Early life exposure to parental Crohn\u2019s disease is associated with offspring\u2019s gut microbiome, gut permeability, and increased risk of future Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"168","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01916-8","article-title":"A unique serum IgG glycosylation signature predicts development of Crohn\u2019s disease and is associated with pathogenic antibodies to mannose glycan","volume":"25","author":"Gaifem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B84","article-title":"Lifestyle factors for the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease","author":"Lopes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001236","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in fatty acid metabolism modify the association between dietary n3: n6 intake and risk of ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v3i0.4643","article-title":"The V\u00e4sterbotten Intervention Programme: background, design and implications","volume":"3","author":"Norberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"2025101304192085400_izaf197-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00647.x","article-title":"The Malmo diet and cancer study. Design and feasibility","volume":"233","author":"Berglund","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/31\/Supplement_2\/S41\/64655773\/izaf197.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/31\/Supplement_2\/S41\/64655773\/izaf197.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:19:39Z","timestamp":1760343579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article\/31\/Supplement_2\/S41\/8284739"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izaf197","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-0998","1536-4844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-0998","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]}}}