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This review synthesizes current evidence on the impact of menopause, menopause transition, and hormonal therapy (HT) on disease activity, IBD and menopause symptom severity, and disease progression among individuals with IBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature review was reported following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and preregistered at PROSPERO (CRD42024564901). Five databases were searched without date restrictions. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were performed independently by multiple reviewers. Results were qualitatively synthesized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1667 records, 15 studies met inclusion criteria (5 cohort, 3 case-control, 7 cross-sectional) with IBD sample sizes from 37 to 1367. Evidence on HT and IBD risk was mixed: some studies linked HT to increased ulcerative colitis risk while others found no significant association after adjusting for confounders. Women with IBD experience earlier menopause than healthy control subjects. While most women reported no change in IBD symptoms postmenopause, a minority reported symptom worsening. HT may reduce flare severity. Women with IBD reported more severe vulvovaginal symptoms and had distinct vaginal microbiome profiles compared with healthy control subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Few studies have explored the relationship between menopause and IBD. There is a need for continued research on the relationship between IBD disease activity and menopause symptoms to create tailored interventions to improve women\u2019s health with IBD across the lifespan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaf204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T11:43:45Z","timestamp":1754567025000},"page":"3443-3449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Menopause and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Tanvi","family":"Kale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1476-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellie","family":"Kroeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arwa","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunanda","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Shihab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Women\u2019s Health, Mayo Clinic , Phoenix, AZ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4501-5244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Conley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Division of Nursing Research, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7753-3564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendra","family":"Kamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120914513655900_izaf204-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.04.003","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel diseases, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"55","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"2025120914513655900_izaf204-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009609","article-title":"International variability in ages at menarche, first livebirth, and menopause. 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