{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:05:51Z","timestamp":1789682751292,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research"},{"name":"University Hospital"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001652","name":"University of Erlangen-Nuremberg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Branching of colon crypts represents a histological hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The branching of the crypt has been observed to occur both symmetrically and asymmetrically, suggesting two distinct reaction patterns of the colon mucosa. Accurate classification of these two patterns can contribute to improved quantitative description and histologic characterization of IBD subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe the morphology of branching crypts using manually crafted morphological features. Using a dataset annotated by an expert, we developed and implemented an machine learning model capable of classifying individual crypts based on these features. A multirater survey was conducted to compare interrater agreement between experts and our model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A classic ensemble model utilizing our manually crafted features achieved a mean balanced accuracy of 0.80, while a deep learning\u2013based model using the segmentation masks achieved a value of 0.79. The survey also showed moderate agreement between the classic ensemble model and senior pathologists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a machine learning model capable of distinguishing both modes of crypt branching patterns. Furthermore, using a hand-crafted feature approach allowed us to directly interpret the classification criteria of our algorithm, rendering it more transparent and interpretable than black box classification models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaf230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T11:25:57Z","timestamp":1758540357000},"page":"3407-3416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Quantitative Analysis of Distinct Colon Crypt Branching Modes Using Interpretable Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4952-0193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Firmbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU) , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU) , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Lang-Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU) , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Pathology, MedizinCampus Oberfranken, Klinikum Bayreuth, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU) , Bayreuth,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Bavarian Cancer Research Center , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arndt","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU) , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU) , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Bavarian Cancer Research Center , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Vieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU) , Erlangen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Pathology, MedizinCampus Oberfranken, Klinikum Bayreuth, 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