{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T19:13:51Z","timestamp":1787512431253,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Digestive Health Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is diagnosed when a person experiences chronic psychological distress following a traumatic event that involves a real or perceived threat to life or bodily harm. Up to one-third of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients report some PTSD symptoms due to their disease (IBD-PTS); however, most data are collected in Caucasian populations. IBD-PTS is associated with poorer outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate IBD-PTS in Black and Latino\/a patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult IBD patients of Black and\/or Latino\/a race were recruited at 2 IBD clinics. Those meeting eligibility requirements completed these assessment tools online: PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (PCL-5), Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Questionnaire, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), and Demographic and Clinical Information. White, non-Hispanic IBD patients from a previously published dataset from IBD Partners were used for age- and sex-matched controls (2:1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, the study included 180 matched controls and 90 participants, including 57.8% of Black and Latino\/a patients who had experienced extreme fear or threats to life\/bodily harm related to IBD; 33.3% who scored \u226531 on the PCL-5 (minimum criteria for IBD-PTS) vs 12.8% of matched controls. Black and Latino\/a patients also reported more severe IBD-PTS symptoms. Those with higher PCL-5 scores had more adverse childhood experiences and were more likely to have been hospitalized, had surgery, or used the emergency room for IBD. More severe IBD-PTS was associated with poorer HRQoL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Black and Latino\/a IBD patients may have rates of IBD-PTS 2.5 times higher than White peers, with more severe PTSD symptoms. Prior nonmedical adverse life events may be risk factors for the development of IBD-PTS. Additional research is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaf290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:57:46Z","timestamp":1762606666000},"page":"721-729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Black and Latino\/a Participants With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are More Likely to Be at Risk for Post-Traumatic Stress Than Their White Counterparts: A Matched Control Comparison Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sara H","family":"Marchese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan S","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Naffouj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ece","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4670-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany H","family":"Taft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"The Rome Foundation Rome Foundation Research Institute, , Chapel Hill, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.07.003","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and racial and ethnic distribution of inflammatory bowel disease in the United States","volume":"165","author":"Lewis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016578","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1016578","article-title":"Psychological stress in inflammatory bowel disease: Psychoneuroimmunological insights into bidirectional gut-brain communications","volume":"13","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.07.032","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in African American children compared with other racial\/ethnic groups in a multicenter registry","volume":"6","author":"White","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy179","article-title":"Lack of difference in treatment patterns and clinical outcomes between black and white patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"24","author":"Barnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad049","article-title":"Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a cohort of US black women","volume":"29","author":"Anyane-Yeboa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107150","article-title":"Exploring associations between social determinants of health and mental health outcomes in families from socioeconomically and racially and ethnically diverse households","volume":"161","author":"Prokosch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13122-y","article-title":"Racism in healthcare: a scoping review","volume":"22","author":"Hamed","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13222","article-title":"Understanding how discrimination can affect health","volume":"54","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516047113","article-title":"Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about \u00adbiological differences between blacks and whites","volume":"113","author":"Hoffman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B10","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-022-00628-4","article-title":"Examining associations between adverse childhood experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among young survivors of urban violence","volume":"99","author":"Tabb","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12089","article-title":"An enduring somatic threat model of posttraumatic stress disorder due to acute life-threatening medical events","volume":"8","author":"Edmondson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Personal Psychol Compass"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab152","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and relationships to patient-reported outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Taft","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz032","article-title":"Initial assessment of post-traumatic stress in a US cohort of inflammatory bowel disease patients","volume":"25","author":"Taft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-023-01424-x","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms are frequent among inflammatory bowel disease patients of South Asian descent-A case-control study","volume":"43","author":"Aswani-Omprakash","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","article-title":"The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Blevins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(89)80080-0","article-title":"A new measure of health status for clinical trials in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"96","author":"Guyatt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7226a2","article-title":"Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences among U.S. Adults\u2013Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011\u20132020","volume":"72","author":"Swedo","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.115887","article-title":"The role of childhood cumulative trauma in the risk of lifetime PTSD: an epidemiological study","volume":"336","author":"da Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt024","article-title":"Racial disparities in posttraumatic stress after diagnosis of localized breast cancer: the BQUAL study","volume":"105","author":"Vin-Raviv","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07347332.2023.2253229","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in post-traumatic stress trajectories in breast cancer survivors","volume":"42","author":"Mazor","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Oncol"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2014.922063","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress symptoms and exacerbations in COPD patients","volume":"12","author":"Teixeira","year":"2015","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.2441","article-title":"Socioeconomic Inequality in Respiratory Health in the US From 1959 to 2018","volume":"181","author":"Gaffney","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.036635","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress symptoms after stroke: the effects of anatomy and coping style","volume":"53","author":"Ben Assayag","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.12.005","article-title":"Recent developments in understanding ethnocultural and race differences in trauma exposure and PTSD","volume":"14","author":"Asnaani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710000401","article-title":"Race\/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States","volume":"41","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-020-01017-2","article-title":"Military service and military health care coverage are associated with reduced racial disparities in time to mental health treatment initiation","volume":"47","author":"Goldberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08964-3","article-title":"Stigma for common mental disorders in racial minorities and majorities a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Eylem","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(24)00154-7","article-title":"Providing trauma-informed care for all in gastroenterology","volume":"9","author":"Jagielski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.2174\/1573400512666160505150257","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"12","author":"Hall-Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"CPSR"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000974","article-title":"Ethnic-racial identity and posttraumatic stress disorder: The role of emotional avoidance among trauma-exposed community individuals","volume":"13","author":"Weiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.045","article-title":"Best practice update: incorporating psychogastroenterology into management of digestive disorders","volume":"154","author":"Keefer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026040214070464000_izaf290-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad194","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an online survey","volume":"30","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"}],"container-title":["Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/32\/4\/721\/65830383\/izaf290.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article-pdf\/32\/4\/721\/65830383\/izaf290.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T18:07:08Z","timestamp":1775153228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ibdjournal\/article\/32\/4\/721\/8376668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izaf290","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-0998","1536-4844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-0998","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]}}}