{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:18:53Z","timestamp":1788286733958,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"AbbVie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004331","name":"Johnson&Johnson","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011684","name":"Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["916943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["916943"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011684","name":"Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["90146787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90146787"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transmural healing (TMH) indicates resolution of inflammation in all bowel wall layers and is an emerging therapeutic target in Crohn\u2019s disease (CD). Standardized sonographic criteria for TMH and early improvement, termed Transmural Response (TMR), have not been established. This systematic review synthesizes published definitions to provide an up-to-date overview of the current evidence base for intestinal ultrasound (IUS)-based assessment in CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Comprehensive searches of databases identified full-text articles that pre-specified TMH, TMR or normal\/abnormal bowel on trans-abdominal IUS in pediatric or adult participants with CD. Definitions were summarized descriptively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-three full-text studies (8033 patients) met eligibility criteria; 39 (47%) defined TMH and 22 (27%) defined TMR. TMH definitions most often included bowel-wall thickness (BWT)\u2009\u2264\u20093mm (31\/39, 79%), absent or minimal Doppler flow (25\/39, 64%), and preserved bowel wall stratification (10\/39, 26%). All TMR definitions required BWT reduction, but thresholds varied (absolute\u2009\u2265\u20091 mm or relative\u2009\u2265\u200925% in 16\/22, 73%). Nine studies (9\/22, 41%) also required Doppler flow improvement and 4\/22 (18%) included additional criteria. Pediatric-specific criteria were reported in 2 TMH and one TMR studies, extrapolating from adult BWT values. Heterogeneity precluded quantitative pooling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standardized IUS definitions of TMH and TMR in CD are lacking. Consistent, validated criteria are essential to enable reproducible ultrasound endpoints, support treat-to-target strategies, and facilitate incorporation of IUS into CD clinical trials and routine care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izag052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:44:05Z","timestamp":1772801045000},"page":"1707-1721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound criteria for transmural healing and response in Crohn\u2019s disease: a systematic review of definitions and thresholds"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7393-4950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00eblle","family":"St-Pierre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0100-3898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Delisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Miyatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i , Honolulu, HI,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Falloon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, OH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Ernest-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Costa Rica , San Jos\u00e9,","place":["Costa Rica"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baldeep","family":"Pabla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Health, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hien","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Maracle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice Y","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoffrey & Robyn Sperber Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noa","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center , Chicago, IL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center , Chicago, IL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9023-4948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Dolinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, NYU Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4164-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerri","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Damas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami , Miami, FL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2591-5165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil Y","family":"Melmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3004-7048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathy","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, 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