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This study aimed to prospectively assess the association between the timing of complementary feeding and subsequent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We followed 94\u200a238 participants from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) (n\u2009=\u200911\u200a947) and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child (MoBa) (n\u2009=\u200982\u200a291) cohorts from birth (1997-2009) through 2023 (mean age 16.5 [MoBa] to 25.2 [ABIS] years). National patient registers identified IBD diagnoses. The timing of complementary food introduction (&amp;lt;4, 4-5, or\u2009\u22656\u2009months) was assessed using early-life food diaries and questionnaires. Latent class analyses identified 4 patterns across introductions of major food groups (eg, cereals and dairy). Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (aHRs) for IBD adjusted for socio-demographics and parental IBD. Sensitivity analysis additionally adjusted for breastfeeding duration, formula feeding, and perinatal factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 1\u200a562\u200a350 person-years of follow-up, 400 participants developed IBD (ABIS, n\u2009=\u2009124; MoBa, n\u2009=\u2009276). Overall timing of complementary food introduction was not associated with IBD (&amp;lt;4\u2009months: aHR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.67-1.60]; 4-5\u2009months: aHR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.63-1.10] vs \u22656\u2009months). Also, aHRs for IBD by latent class analyses\u2013defined introduction patterns approached 1. Results were consistent across cohorts, sensitivity analyses, and Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings from this binational birth cohort study indicate that neither the timing nor the pattern of complementary food introduction is a major risk factor for later development of IBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izag093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T11:49:46Z","timestamp":1778240986000},"page":"1937-1948","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Timing of complementary food introduction is not associated with inflammatory bowel disease risk: A prospective birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8619-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida","family":"Sigvardsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Box 426 , SE-405 30, Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Ludvigsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crown Princess Victoria Children\u2019s Hospital , Link\u00f6ping, Region \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tereza","family":"Lerchova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Box 426 , SE-405 30, Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Imberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistiska Konsultgruppen Sweden , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7826-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ketil","family":"St\u00f8rdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Children\u2019s Center, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2285-8713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"M\u00e5rild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Box 426 , SE-405 30, Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children\u2019s Hospital , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026093014364304900_izag093-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7247238","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7247238","article-title":"A comprehensive review and update on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"2019","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol 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